| 8 | | * Period: We're going to represent the Persians at the peak of their civilisation, around Mid Achaemenid with some Early influences. Specifically 550 BC - ca 420 BC. Therefore Late Achaemenid traits like acquiring Greek equipment to overcome their weakness against Greek infantry does not apply. |
| 9 | | |
| 10 | | * Cosmopolitan: Army made up of conscripts and mercenaries from the subjugated nations ruled by the Persian Kings (Egyptians, Assyrians, Indians, Scythians, Bactrians, and Ethiopians) alongside the Iranian native force (Persian or Median descent). |
| | 8 | * '''Period:''' We're going to represent the Persians at the peak of their civilisation, around Mid Achaemenid with some Early influences. Specifically 550 BC - ca 420 BC. Therefore Late Achaemenid traits like acquiring Greek equipment to overcome their weakness against Greek infantry does not apply. |
| | 9 | |
| | 10 | * '''Cosmopolitan:''' Army made up of conscripts and mercenaries from the subjugated nations ruled by the Persian Kings (Egyptians, Assyrians, Indians, Scythians, Bactrians, and Ethiopians) alongside the Iranian native force (Persian or Median descent). |
| 14 | | * Persian Military: (note that this only applies to the Persians themselves; any mercenaries/subjugated-nations would use their own national weapons) |
| 15 | | * Spears: Main infantry weapon. |
| 16 | | * Swords: Rarity. Reserved for more elite units such as Immortal (common soldiers too poor to afford swords). |
| 17 | | * Bows: Main ranged weapon. Archers armed with powerful recurved bow, which gained their power by bending the bow opposite to the natural curve of the weapon, creating added tension and force; however, used extremely light materials, so arrows couldn't puncture the heavy armour of Hellenistic soldiers. |
| 18 | | * Javelins: Also widely used to compensate for poor armour of infantry. Most commonly used by cavalry. |
| 19 | | * Slings: Were employed, but in relatively small numbers compared with archers. Representation: In terms of tactics, reliance on range (bows, javelins) and cavalry rushes to overcome limited chance of survival in melee. |
| 20 | | |
| 21 | | * Strong Cavalry: Alongside missile troops, made up the bulk of the Persian army. Under feudal law the conscripts had to supply their own arms, and only the richer citizens (nobility) could afford mounts. Representation: All cavalry types. Cavalry are well-armed and armoured, though expensive. They are one of the few units (the other being Immortals) rich enough to afford armour and helmets. |
| 22 | | |
| 23 | | * Infantry Hordes: Levying the satrapies allowed the Persians to field a larger force than their opponents. However, Persian troops had to supply their own equipment. Many also had poor morale, usually going into battle with all kinds of war cries, but ready to flee the field when serious resistance was offered by the foe (typical of almost all Oriental civilisations, with the exception of Assyrian heavy swordsmen). Representation: Quantity over quality. Build time and cost of infantry reduced to quickly amass a large force, but individuals are poorly armed and armoured. Reduction in armour and attack: poor weapons, little to no infantry armour or helmets (had to rely on shields, but even they were merely wicker and leather). |
| | 14 | * '''Persian Military:''' (note that this only applies to the Persians themselves; any mercenaries/subjugated-nations would use their own national weapons) |
| | 15 | * '''Spears:''' Main infantry weapon. |
| | 16 | * '''Swords:''' Rarity. Reserved for more elite units such as Immortal (common soldiers too poor to afford swords). |
| | 17 | * '''Bows:''' Main ranged weapon. Archers armed with powerful recurved bow, which gained their power by bending the bow opposite to the natural curve of the weapon, creating added tension and force; however, used extremely light materials, so arrows couldn't puncture the heavy armour of Hellenistic soldiers. |
| | 18 | * '''Javelins:''' Also widely used to compensate for poor armour of infantry. Most commonly used by cavalry. |
| | 19 | * '''Slings:''' Were employed, but in relatively small numbers compared with archers. Representation: In terms of tactics, reliance on range (bows, javelins) and cavalry rushes to overcome limited chance of survival in melee. |
| | 20 | |
| | 21 | * '''Strong Cavalry: '''Alongside missile troops, made up the bulk of the Persian army. Under feudal law the conscripts had to supply their own arms, and only the richer citizens (nobility) could afford mounts. Representation: All cavalry types. Cavalry are well-armed and armoured, though expensive. They are one of the few units (the other being Immortals) rich enough to afford armour and helmets. |
| | 22 | |
| | 23 | * '''Infantry Hordes:''' Levying the satrapies allowed the Persians to field a larger force than their opponents. However, Persian troops had to supply their own equipment. Many also had poor morale, usually going into battle with all kinds of war cries, but ready to flee the field when serious resistance was offered by the foe (typical of almost all Oriental civilisations, with the exception of Assyrian heavy swordsmen). Representation: Quantity over quality. Build time and cost of infantry reduced to quickly amass a large force, but individuals are poorly armed and armoured. Reduction in armour and attack: poor weapons, little to no infantry armour or helmets (had to rely on shields, but even they were merely wicker and leather). |
| 33 | | * Name: Neyzedar Madi. (means 'Mede Spearman') |
| 34 | | * Class: Spearman. |
| 35 | | * Ranged Armament: Basic: 7-foot wooden thrusting spear with a broad iron head and round bronze metal counterweight. Cosmetic dagger. [[BR]] Advanced: Silver counterweight. Cosmetic dagger. [[BR]] Elite: Gold counterweight. Cosmetic akinakes. |
| 36 | | * Appearance: |
| 37 | | * Garb: |
| 38 | | * Helmet: |
| 39 | | * Shield: |
| | 33 | * '''Name:''''' '''''Neyzedar Madi'''. (means 'Mede Spearman') |
| | 34 | * '''Class: Spearman'''. |
| | 35 | * Ranged Armament: [[BR]] Basic: 7-foot wooden thrusting spear with a broad iron head and round bronze metal counterweight. Cosmetic dagger. [[BR]] Advanced: Silver counterweight. Cosmetic dagger. [[BR]] Elite: Gold counterweight. Cosmetic akinakes. |
| | 36 | * Appearance: |
| | 37 | * Garb: [[BR]] Basic: Light red ornate Median garb, similar to that of the Mada Asabari. The Persians and Medians favoured highly contrasting designs and colours. His robes wouldn't be very long, reaching maybe to his knees, with trousers underneath. Unarmoured. Mada Neyzedar [[BR]] Advanced: Dark red garb. [[BR]] Elite: Bordeaux/purple garb, with "funky psychedelic kiddy-pyjama-like patterns, funny polygons and borders and stuff". |
| | 38 | * Helmet: [[BR]] Basic: Bareheaded. [[BR]] Advanced: Persian/Median white tiara. (Note: for any of these tiaras, always use the loose version with the mouth uncovered, to keep the distinctive Persian beard and moustache visible.) [[BR]] Elite: Persian/Median yellow tiara. |
| | 39 | * Shield: [[BR]] Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: Large rectangular reed/whicker shield (spara), covered with leather. (Could provide for unique defensive sparabara formation for groups of this unit, although we don't have room for it; see Spara in article link in footnotes.) [[BR]] Elite: Similar to the Advanced spara, but elaborately painted. |
| 50 | | * Garb: |
| 51 | | * Helmet: Basic: Bareheaded. [[BR]] Advanced: Phrygian style cap [[BR]] Elite: Wicker helmet with round metal plates along the "head-band" of the helmet. |
| 52 | | * Shield: Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: Round standard Persian wicker shield, without leather covering. [[BR]] Elite: Small hide shield (not quite a buckler). |
| 53 | | * Figure(s): Basic: Phrygian hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Ultimate: - |
| | 50 | * Garb: [[BR]] Basic: Mint green tunic that covers shoulders to knees. High quality leather boots (similar to Peltast's footwear). Tunic has a brooch at each shoulder. [[BR]] Advanced: Tunic is emerald green. [[BR]] Elite: Tunic is dark green. |
| | 51 | * Helmet:[[BR]]Basic: Bareheaded. [[BR]] Advanced: Phrygian style cap [[BR]] Elite: Wicker helmet with round metal plates along the "head-band" of the helmet. |
| | 52 | * Shield:[[BR]]Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: Round standard Persian wicker shield, without leather covering. [[BR]] Elite: Small hide shield (not quite a buckler). |
| | 53 | * Figure(s):[[BR]]Basic: Phrygian hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Ultimate: - |
| 63 | | * Garb: Basic: Yellow tunic and kilt. No armour. Quiver on left hip. [[BR]] Advanced: Tunic is mustard yellow and brown. [[BR]] Elite: Tunic is dark brown. |
| 64 | | * Helmet: Basic: Bareheaded. [[BR]] Advanced: Phrygian style cap. [[BR]] Elite: Persian (eastern conical bronze) helmet (the ancient Cappadocian were somewhat related to the Persians.) |
| 65 | | * Shield: Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: None. [[BR]] Elite: Small buckler. |
| 66 | | * Figure(s): Basic: Cappadocian hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| | 63 | * Garb:[[BR]]Basic: Yellow tunic and kilt. No armour. Quiver on left hip. [[BR]] Advanced: Tunic is mustard yellow and brown. [[BR]] Elite: Tunic is dark brown. |
| | 64 | * Helmet:[[BR]]Basic: Bareheaded. [[BR]] Advanced: Phrygian style cap. [[BR]] Elite: Persian (eastern conical bronze) helmet (the ancient Cappadocian were somewhat related to the Persians.) |
| | 65 | * Shield:[[BR]]Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: None. [[BR]] Elite: Small buckler. |
| | 66 | * Figure(s):[[BR]]Basic: Cappadocian hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| 75 | | * Hacker Armament: Basic: Javelins. [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| 76 | | * Appearance: |
| 77 | | * Garb: Basic: Light grey Bedouin clothes. No armour. [[BR]] Advanced: Dark grey. [[BR]] Elite: Black. Simple breastplate (metal fairly rare, breastplate extremely expensive to produce, therefore becomes a wealthy noble or chieftain). |
| 78 | | * Helmet: Basic: National hat shown in the Persepolis carvings. [[BR]] Advanced: Special Bedouin 'towel/cap' that leaves only the eyes visible. [[BR]] Elite: Add a large ornament to the towel to show his power. |
| 79 | | * Shield: Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: Round shield. [[BR]] Elite: Round shield. |
| 80 | | * Figure(s): Basic: Arabian hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| 81 | | * Mount: Basic: Mounted on a camel (inherits "Stench Aura"). Use an Arabian one-hump camel (as currently modeled, not the Bactrian two-hump type), as Arabian camels were mentioned more often in sources for the Early and Middle Achaemenid period. [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: Add a pennant attached to the camel's gear. |
| | 75 | * Hacker Armament:[[BR]]Basic: Javelins. [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| | 76 | * Appearance: |
| | 77 | * Garb:[[BR]]Basic: Light grey Bedouin clothes. No armour. [[BR]] Advanced: Dark grey. [[BR]] Elite: Black. Simple breastplate (metal fairly rare, breastplate extremely expensive to produce, therefore becomes a wealthy noble or chieftain). |
| | 78 | * Helmet:[[BR]]Basic: National hat shown in the Persepolis carvings. [[BR]] Advanced: Special Bedouin 'towel/cap' that leaves only the eyes visible. [[BR]] Elite: Add a large ornament to the towel to show his power. |
| | 79 | * Shield:[[BR]]Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: Round shield. [[BR]] Elite: Round shield. |
| | 80 | * Figure(s):[[BR]]Basic: Arabian hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| | 81 | * Mount:[[BR]]Basic: Mounted on a camel (inherits "Stench Aura"). Use an Arabian one-hump camel (as currently modeled, not the Bactrian two-hump type), as Arabian camels were mentioned more often in sources for the Early and Middle Achaemenid period. [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: Add a pennant attached to the camel's gear. |
| 89 | | * Hacker Armament: Basic: Kontos Lance (all iron; 3.6 metres long; two-handed weapon; held the kontos with his right hand towards the bottom of the spear shaft, while the left was in front about 2 feet forward. Then the spearpoint was held on the left side of the horse's neck. So if you looked from the top, the kontos would be at a slight angle from the horse's line of symmetry; absorbed the shock of a hit, since there were no saddles or stirrups to cushion the collision for the horseman). Cosmetic sword -- since Cataphracts were drawn from the wealthy upper class -- and they would used these at close range after charging with kontos (hacking, 2.5-3m long). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Ultimate: - |
| 90 | | * Appearance: |
| 91 | | * Garb: Basic: Scale shirt covering his torso and shoulders, but his arms should be covered by his tunic. Trousers. [[BR]] Advanced: Fully sleeved scale shirt and small tails that hang to about mid thigh height. His legs are wrapped with leather straps, that look like big bandages. [[BR]] Elite: Full hauberk, throat to ankles, elaborate, VERY expensive. Make sure the hauberk hangs from his waist; don't make the hauberk like a body suit, more like Neo's jacket in Matrix Reloaded: form fitting on the torso and arms, but below the waist more skirt-like His legs too would be wrapped with leather. |
| 92 | | * Helmet: Basic: Small bowl-like helmet. [[BR]] Advanced: Sarmatian style conical helmet with nasal bar. [[BR]] Elite: Same as Advanced, but with a large horse-tail crest and a hanging sash of scale from the back of the helmet covering the neck. |
| 93 | | * Shield: Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: None. [[BR]] Elite: None. |
| 94 | | * Figure(s): Basic: - [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| 95 | | * Mount: Basic: No horse armour. No saddles or stirrups. Has a saddle blanket held on by a strap going around the horse's midsection. [[BR]] Advanced: Half-armour (scale chamfron and peytral) [[BR]] Elite: Complete horse armour. |
| | 89 | * Hacker Armament:[[BR]]Basic: Kontos Lance (all iron; 3.6 metres long; two-handed weapon; held the kontos with his right hand towards the bottom of the spear shaft, while the left was in front about 2 feet forward. Then the spearpoint was held on the left side of the horse's neck. So if you looked from the top, the kontos would be at a slight angle from the horse's line of symmetry; absorbed the shock of a hit, since there were no saddles or stirrups to cushion the collision for the horseman). Cosmetic sword -- since Cataphracts were drawn from the wealthy upper class -- and they would used these at close range after charging with kontos (hacking, 2.5-3m long). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Ultimate: - |
| | 90 | * Appearance: |
| | 91 | * Garb:[[BR]]Basic: Scale shirt covering his torso and shoulders, but his arms should be covered by his tunic. Trousers. [[BR]] Advanced: Fully sleeved scale shirt and small tails that hang to about mid thigh height. His legs are wrapped with leather straps, that look like big bandages. [[BR]] Elite: Full hauberk, throat to ankles, elaborate, VERY expensive. Make sure the hauberk hangs from his waist; don't make the hauberk like a body suit, more like Neo's jacket in Matrix Reloaded: form fitting on the torso and arms, but below the waist more skirt-like His legs too would be wrapped with leather. |
| | 92 | * Helmet:[[BR]]Basic: Small bowl-like helmet. [[BR]] Advanced: Sarmatian style conical helmet with nasal bar. [[BR]] Elite: Same as Advanced, but with a large horse-tail crest and a hanging sash of scale from the back of the helmet covering the neck. |
| | 93 | * Shield:[[BR]]Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: None. [[BR]] Elite: None. |
| | 94 | * Figure(s):[[BR]]Basic: - [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| | 95 | * Mount:[[BR]]Basic: No horse armour. No saddles or stirrups. Has a saddle blanket held on by a strap going around the horse's midsection. [[BR]] Advanced: Half-armour (scale chamfron and peytral) [[BR]] Elite: Complete horse armour. |
| 103 | | * Ranged Armament: Basic: Palta Javelin (1.5-1.8 metres in length and tipped with iron or bronze heads). Two decorative javelins. Sagaris is main weapon. [[BR]] Advanced: - Elite: - |
| 104 | | * Appearance: |
| 105 | | * Garb: Basic: Jacket: highly decorated light red Median garb (with circles, squares, rosettes and stripe patterns). Trousers. [[BR]] Advanced: Add scale shirt (mid red colours for his clothing). [[BR]] Elite: Scale shirt with psychedelic shapes and dark red colours on his trousers and tunic sleeves. |
| 106 | | * Helmet: Basic: Dark yellow Median cap. [[BR]] Advanced: Tiara. [[BR]] Elite: Bronze helmet with black plume. |
| 107 | | * Shield: Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: None. [[BR]] Elite: Leather shield. |
| 108 | | * Figure(s): Basic: Median hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| 109 | | * Mount: Basic: Mounted on a light horse. No horse armour. "Median horses were noted for their size and strength, although not particularly tall, about 14 or 15 hands. They had large heads and strong necks with most being chestnuts, browns or blacks." [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Ultimate: - |
| | 103 | * Ranged Armament:[[BR]]Basic: Palta Javelin (1.5-1.8 metres in length and tipped with iron or bronze heads). Two decorative javelins. Sagaris is main weapon. [[BR]] Advanced: - Elite: - |
| | 104 | * Appearance: |
| | 105 | * Garb:[[BR]]Basic: Jacket: highly decorated light red Median garb (with circles, squares, rosettes and stripe patterns). Trousers. [[BR]] Advanced: Add scale shirt (mid red colours for his clothing). [[BR]] Elite: Scale shirt with psychedelic shapes and dark red colours on his trousers and tunic sleeves. |
| | 106 | * Helmet:[[BR]]Basic: Dark yellow Median cap. [[BR]] Advanced: Tiara. [[BR]] Elite: Bronze helmet with black plume. |
| | 107 | * Shield:[[BR]]Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: None. [[BR]] Elite: Leather shield. |
| | 108 | * Figure(s):[[BR]]Basic: Median hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - |
| | 109 | * Mount:[[BR]]Basic: Mounted on a light horse. No horse armour. "Median horses were noted for their size and strength, although not particularly tall, about 14 or 15 hands. They had large heads and strong necks with most being chestnuts, browns or blacks." [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Ultimate: - |
| 411 | | * Name: Ability to Corral Camels and Horses. |
| 412 | | |
| 413 | | |
| | 411 | * Name: '''Ability to Corral Camels and Horses.''' |
| | 412 | * History: While the Persians employed camelry only in a few cases, its use was always accompanied by great success (most notably during the battle of Sardis in 546 BC). The satrapy of Bactria was a rich source of "two-hump" camels, while Northern Arabia supplied "one-hump" camels. |
| | 413 | * Effect: Camels and horses can be captured in the wild and placed in the Corral. Unlike normal corraled animals, which generate food, the Corraled Camel/Horse functions similarly to a relic. As long as it remains in the Corral, the resource cost of training camel-mounted units or horse-mounted units (as appropriate) is reduced by a fixed amount. |
| 427 | | * Infantry: Since the Persians relied mostly on archers and cavalry, the Persian infantry should be individually weak. If he chooses to use them effectively, he will have to rely on sheer numbers, similar to AoM Egyptians. Infantry are therefore cheap and can be trained quickly, but individually weak, with no combat upgrades. The Persians get Bow upgrades, as Archers were strong. Virtually no armour upgrades. |
| 428 | | * Cavalry: Cavalry were strong. They should have the strongest cavalry prior to the introduction of Parthians and Huns. Virtually no armour upgrades. |
| 429 | | * Naval: The Persian navy, while being of great stature, actually consisted entirely of non-Persian elements; ships generally came from Phoenicia, Egypt and Cyprus. Strong navy, so they'd get some naval techs, but without the rare Quinquereme. |
| 430 | | * Siege: Neither here nor there. Apart from the Assyrians, no ancient Middle Eastern civilisation was renown for its siege. The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, for example, spent 13 years besieging Tyre before the mighty fortress was finally taken. Do whatever it takes to make their siege unexceptional, mediocre. |
| 431 | | * Economy: Most techs. |
| 432 | | * Farming: Very good agriculture. |
| 433 | | * Mining: Average. |
| 434 | | * Lumbering: Average. |
| 435 | | * Hunting: Average. |
| 436 | | * Land Trade: They had a good trade infrastructure, such as the Royal Highway, so would have good land trade techs. Neither the Persians nor the Parthians engaged readily in trade themselves, leaving most of it to the subject peoples. |
| 437 | | * Naval Trade: Mediocre. Certainly nothing to match the Carthaginian's naval trading bonus. |
| 438 | | * Architecture: Extremely strong and impressive. They should get most techs that enhance the strength of structures and defences. |
| 439 | | * Defences: Formidable walls. |
| | 427 | * '''Infantry''': Since the Persians relied mostly on archers and cavalry, the Persian infantry should be individually weak. If he chooses to use them effectively, he will have to rely on sheer numbers, similar to AoM Egyptians. Infantry are therefore cheap and can be trained quickly, but individually weak, with no combat upgrades. The Persians get Bow upgrades, as Archers were strong. Virtually no armour upgrades. |
| | 428 | * '''Cavalry''': Cavalry were strong. They should have the strongest cavalry prior to the introduction of Parthians and Huns. Virtually no armour upgrades. |
| | 429 | * '''Naval''': The Persian navy, while being of great stature, actually consisted entirely of non-Persian elements; ships generally came from Phoenicia, Egypt and Cyprus. Strong navy, so they'd get some naval techs, but without the rare Quinquereme. |
| | 430 | * '''Siege''': Neither here nor there. Apart from the Assyrians, no ancient Middle Eastern civilisation was renown for its siege. The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, for example, spent 13 years besieging Tyre before the mighty fortress was finally taken. Do whatever it takes to make their siege unexceptional, mediocre. |
| | 431 | * '''Economy''': Most techs. |
| | 432 | * '''Farming''': Very good agriculture. |
| | 433 | * '''Mining''': Average. |
| | 434 | * '''Lumbering''': Average. |
| | 435 | * '''Hunting''': Average. |
| | 436 | * '''Land Trade''': They had a good trade infrastructure, such as the Royal Highway, so would have good land trade techs. Neither the Persians nor the Parthians engaged readily in trade themselves, leaving most of it to the subject peoples. |
| | 437 | * '''Naval Trade''': Mediocre. Certainly nothing to match the Carthaginian's naval trading bonus. |
| | 438 | * '''Architecture''': Extremely strong and impressive. They should get most techs that enhance the strength of structures and defences. |
| | 439 | * '''Defences''': Formidable walls. |
| 559 | | 2. Uvja/Elam |
| 560 | | 3. Babirush/Babylonia: modern middle east |
| 561 | | 4. Athura/Assyria: eastern Turkey, northern Iraq |
| 562 | | 5. Arabaya/Northern Arabia |
| 563 | | 6. Mudraya/Egypt; added by Cambyases I. |
| 564 | | 7. Tyaiy Drayahya/Northern Turkey: 'the lands beside the (Black) Sea |
| 565 | | 8. Sparda/Lydia: Southeastern Turkey |
| 566 | | 9. Yauna/Ionian:the same as above |
| 567 | | 10. Mada/Media: northeastern Iran; Tarsus mountains. |
| 568 | | 11. Armina/Armenia |
| 569 | | 12. Katpatuka/Cappadocia: still turkey: central |
| 570 | | 13. Parthava/Parthia: eastern Iran |
| 571 | | 14. Zraka/Drangiana: Seistan, eastern Iran |
| 572 | | 15. Haraiva/Aria: Herat, Afghanistan |
| 573 | | 16. Uvarazmish/Kwarazm or Chorasmia: lower Amu Darya: Kazakhstan + Uzbekhstan |
| 574 | | 17. Bakhtrish/Bactria: north of the Hindu Kush range |
| 575 | | 18. Suguda/Sogdiana: Samarkand region: Afghanistan |
| 576 | | 19. Gadara/Gandhara: Peshawar: upper Indus: Pakistan |
| 577 | | 20. Saka or Saca/The steppe country inhabited by the Scythian tribes on the Syr Darya |
| 578 | | 21. Thatagush/Sattagydia: Kabul: Afghanistan |
| 579 | | 22. Harauvatish/Kandahar |
| 580 | | 23. Maka/The desert coast of Makran and Baluchistan in southern Iran |
| 581 | | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| 582 | | 24. Putaya/Lybia: nominal rule only |
| 583 | | 25. Kushiya/Ethiopia: nominal rule |
| 584 | | 26. Hindush/The Sind region of lower Indus, Pakistan: nominal rule |
| 585 | | 27. Karka/Caria |
| | 553 | 1. Uvja/Elam |
| | 554 | 1. Babirush/Babylonia: modern middle east |
| | 555 | 1. Athura/Assyria: eastern Turkey, northern Iraq |
| | 556 | 1. Arabaya/Northern Arabia |
| | 557 | 1. Mudraya/Egypt; added by Cambyases I. |
| | 558 | 1. Tyaiy Drayahya/Northern Turkey: 'the lands beside the (Black) Sea |
| | 559 | 1. Sparda/Lydia: Southeastern Turkey |
| | 560 | 1. Yauna/Ionian:the same as above |
| | 561 | 1. Mada/Media: northeastern Iran; Tarsus mountains. |
| | 562 | 1. Armina/Armenia |
| | 563 | 1. Katpatuka/Cappadocia: still turkey: central |
| | 564 | 1. Parthava/Parthia: eastern Iran |
| | 565 | 1. Zraka/Drangiana: Seistan, eastern Iran |
| | 566 | 1. Haraiva/Aria: Herat, Afghanistan |
| | 567 | 1. Uvarazmish/Kwarazm or Chorasmia: lower Amu Darya: Kazakhstan + Uzbekhstan |
| | 568 | 1. Bakhtrish/Bactria: north of the Hindu Kush range |
| | 569 | 1. Suguda/Sogdiana: Samarkand region: Afghanistan |
| | 570 | 1. Gadara/Gandhara: Peshawar: upper Indus: Pakistan |
| | 571 | 1. Saka or Saca/The steppe country inhabited by the Scythian tribes on the Syr Darya |
| | 572 | 1. Thatagush/Sattagydia: Kabul: Afghanistan |
| | 573 | 1. Harauvatish/Kandahar |
| | 574 | 1. Maka/The desert coast of Makran and Baluchistan in southern Iran +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| | 575 | 1. Putaya/Lybia: nominal rule only |
| | 576 | 1. Kushiya/Ethiopia: nominal rule |
| | 577 | 1. Hindush/The Sind region of lower Indus, Pakistan: nominal rule |
| | 578 | 1. Karka/Caria |
