SELEUCIDS CIVILIZATION PROFILE

Version 0.1
Crowd-sourced from the fans and contributors of Wildfire Games: 

Edited by Michael D. Hafer [aka Mythos_Ruler] Email: michaeldhafer@gmail.com. (Indiana, United States of America).

INFANTRY

• Generic Name: Pikeman.
• Specific Name: Phalangites.
  • Class: Spearman.
  • Hacker Armament: Long Macedonian pike, the "sarissa".
  • Appearance:
    • Basic: "Rear ranker". Bronze Shield pikeman.
    • Advanced: "Mid Ranker". Gold Shield pikeman.
    • Elite: "Front ranker". Silver Shield pikeman.
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: Slow. Cavalry killer. Individually very vulnerable to ranged units and swordsmen when not in Syntagma formation.
  • Special: "Syntagma" Formation.

• Generic Name: Thracian Mercenary Swordsman.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Swordsman.
  • Hacker Armament: Long Thracian swords and rhomphaia.
  • Appearance:
    • Basic: .
    • Advanced: .
    • Elite: .
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: .
  • Special: .

• Generic Name: Arab Javelineer.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Skirmisher.
  • Hacker Armament: Javelins. Decorative curved sword.
  • Appearance:
    • Basic: .
    • Advanced: .
    • Elite: .
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: Counters spearmen and elephants. Countered by cavalry swordsmen and slingers. This is a "mercenary" unit, with all the traits that designation entails.
  • Special: .

• Generic Name: Syrian Archer.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Archer.
  • Ranged Armament: Bow.
  • Appearance:
    • Basic: .
    • Advanced: .
    • Elite: .
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: .
  • Special: .

CAVALRY

• Generic Name: Companion Heavy Cavalry.
• Specific Name: Hetairos.
  • Class: Cavalry Spearman.
  • Hacker Armament: Macedonian cavalry lance, the "xyston". Decorative sword.
  • Appearance:
    • Basic: .
    • Advanced: .
    • Elite: .
    • Figure(s): -
  • History: There were two guard cavalry regiments, each 1,000 strong. These were the Agema (the 'Guards') and the Hetairoi ('Companions'). The Hetairoi were recruited from the younger generation of military settlers and acted as the standing guard cavalry unit of the army, serving in peace and in war. However it seems that writers referred to them by several names other than just the 'companions'; the basilike ile ('royal squadron' or 'regia ala' according to Livy), and the hippos hetairike ('horse companions'). Their full title may well have been the 'royal ala of the companions'.
  • Garrison: 2.
  • Function: Good vs. Skirmishers and Swordsmen, poor vs. Spearmen and Archers.
  • Special: Upon promoting to the 3rd ('elite') rank, the Companion becomes a Cataphract champion cavalry.

• Generic Name: Median Light Cavalry.
• Specific Name: Hippeus Medikos.
  • Class: Cavalry Skirmisher.
  • Ranged Armament: Javelins. Decorative sword. Clutch of Javelins in his left hand.
  • Appearance:
    • Basic: .
    • Advanced: .
    • Elite: .
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 2.
  • Function: .
  • Special: .

• Generic Name: Dahae Horse Archer.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Cavalry Archer.
  • Ranged Armament: Recurved cavalry bow. Decorative sword.
  • Appearance:
    • Basic: .
    • Advanced: .
    • Elite: .
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 2.
  • Function: .
  • Special: .

SUPPORT UNITS

• Generic Name: Syrian Woman.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Female Citizen.
  • Appearance: Dark skin, Grecian dress.
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: Standard female citizen attributes--Good at gathering food. Has an 'aura' that boosts the productivity of citizen-soldiers around her. Does not fight. Runs when confronted with enemy attack. Capturable.
  • Special: -.

• Generic Name: Greek Priest.
• Specific Name: Hiereús Hellenikos.
  • Class: Healer.
  • Appearance:
    • Garb: .
    • Helmet: .
    • Shield: None.
    • Figure(s): .
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: Average Healer stats.
  • Special: .

• Generic Name: Anatolian Merchant.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Trader.
  • Appearance:
    • Garb: .
    • Helmet: .
    • Shield: .
    • Figure(s): .
    • Mount: .
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 2.
  • Function: -
  • Special: -

NAVY

• Generic Name: Fishing Boat.
• Specific Name: Ploîon Halieutikón.
  • Class: Fishing Boat.
  • Appearance:
    • Shell: -
  • History: .
  • Garrison: Cannot.
  • Garrison Capacity: 1; support, infantry
  • Function: Gathering: Only method of collecting meat from fish.
  • Special: Garrison a support unit or infantry unit inside to boost fishing rate.

• Generic Name: Trading Ship.
• Specific Name: Ploîon Phortēgikón.
  • Class: Merchant Ship.
  • Appearance:
    • Shell: (Standard).
  • History: .
  • Garrison: Cannot.
  • Function: Sets up trade routes between friendly Ports.
  • Special: Garrison a Trader inside to boost the amount of trade received.

• Generic Name: Bireme.
• Specific Name: Biḗrēs.
  • Class: Light Warship.
  • Appearance:
    • Shell: 2 tiers of oars.
  • History: The design of the bireme was modified from the penteconter, a ship that had only one set of oars on each side, the bireme having two sets of oars on each side.
  • Garrison: Cannot.
  • Function: These ships were designed to go fast so they could transport troops to the sites of battles.
  • Special: -

• Generic Name: Trireme.
• Specific Name: Triḗrēs.
  • Class: Medium Warship.
  • Appearence:
    • Shell: Three tiers of oars. Larger than the Bireme.
  • History: The first Triremes were built circa 650BC, and by 500BC the Trireme was the most widely used heavy warship of the Greek city-states. In the Trireme the outriggers were now an integral part of the ship's hull. The Trireme also had a partial or full fighting deck above the rowers. The length of the Trireme remained approximately 35-38 meters, and the beam was approximately 3.5 metres. A Trireme carried 170 oarsmen, plus twenty sailors and fourteen marines in Greek navies. The top speed of a Trireme was approximately 11.5 knots. Some Triremes may have been able to reach higher speeds in short bursts. A Trireme travelling from Athens to Mitylene in 427BC made the 350 kilometre trip in only 24 hours, averaging eight knots (14.6 km/h). The Trireme could accelerate much faster than a Bireme or Penteconter, and was much more manoeuvrable. This gave the Trireme an advantage in combat, where higher speed and manoeuvrability meant a better chance of victory.
  • Garrison: Cannot.
  • Function: The common tactics of the time were to ram one's opponent. Most ships at the time were equipped with a large battering ram at the bow which was used to crush the sides of an opponent. Another common tactic was to brush along the sides of the opponent's ship and snap all of the oars off. Once the ship was disabled and floundering in the waves, then the other ship could move in and finish its opponent. The Greeks employed the ramming tactics to excellent effect throughout out their naval battles. Speed was the key element for ramming and that required maneuverability and lightly armoured ships.
  • Special: Ramming.

• Generic Name: Quinquereme.
• Specific Name: Pentḗrēs.
  • Class: Heavy Warship.
  • Appearence:
    • Shell: Similar in size and function to the Roman and Carthaginian quinqueremes.
  • History: .
  • Garrison: Cannot.
  • Function: .
  • Special: Ramming.

SIEGE UNITS

• Generic Name: Siege Tower.
• Specific Name: Helepolis.
  • Class: Siege Tower.
  • Appearance:
    • Shell: Siege Tower
  • History: When Demetrius Poliorcetes besieged Salamis, in Cyprus, he instructed that a machine be constructed, which he called "the taker of cities." Its form was that of a square tower, each side 90 cubits high and 45 wide. It rested on four wheels, each eight cubits high. It was divided into nine stories, the lower of which contained machines for throwing great stones, the middle large catapults for throwing spears, and the highest, other machines for throwing smaller stones, together with smaller catapults. It was manned with 200 soldiers, besides those that moved it by pushing the parallel beams at the bottom (Diod. xx.48).
  • Garrison: 5. <== Note largest garrison requirement you're likely to find.
  • Function: Functions much like a warship, but on land. Is able to garrison all types of units (except cavalry) to increase attack and other attributes, including other siege units.
  • Special: May unload garrisoned units over enemy walls.

• Generic Name: Stone Thrower.
• Specific Name: Lithobolos.
  • Class: Stone Thrower
  • Appearance:
    • Shell: Stone-throwing catapult, similar to the Roman ballista.
  • History: The Lithobolos (Stone Thrower) hurled stones of 10 lbs (4.5 kilos) to 180 lbs (82 kilos) in weight. They all looked alike and differed only in size: the dimensions being calculated by a complex mathematical formula based on the spring diameter. Such machines were normally brought to point-blank range (150-200 yards [157m - 185m]) and were capable of stripping the battlements from fortified walls.
  • Garrison: 3.
  • Function: Anti-building siege. Used to take down Walls and Fortresses. 10-20% weaker than the Roman Ballista.
  • Special: Must pack and unpack.

• Generic Name: Battering Ram.
• Specific Name: Poliorkitikós Kriós.
  • Class: Battering Ram.
  • Appearance:
    • Shell: A basic battering ram, made of wood planks with a bronze beak at the head of the ram.
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 3.
  • Function: Anti-building siege. Used to take down Walls and Fortresses. 10-20% weaker than the Roman battering ram.
  • Special: Does bonus damage vs. city gates.

CHAMPION UNITS

• Generic Name: Cataphract.
• Specific Name: Kataphraktos.
  • Class: Champion Cavalry Spearman.
  • Hacker Armament: A very long cavalry lance, the "kontos" wielded by two hands.
  • Ranged Armament: None.
  • Appearance: -
    • Garb: .
    • Helmet: .
    • Shield: None.
    • Figure(s): -
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: .
  • Special: .

• Generic Name: Armored War Elephant.
• Specific Name: Elephantos Polemou Kataphraktos.
  • Class: Champion Elephant.
  • Hacker Armament (Primary): Tusks. Crushing attack.
  • Ranged Armament (Passive): Javelins thrown by riders at random enemies.
  • Hacker Armament (Passive-Trample): Feet.
  • Appearance: Asian/Indian War Elephant, covered in bronze armor, with a tower on its back.
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 3.
  • Function: Destroy buildings and trample enemy formations. Extra good vs. enemy cavalry. Trained at the Fortress.
  • Special:
    • "Damage Frenzy".
    • "Stench" Aura.
    • "Trample Damage" Aura.

• Generic Name: Scythed Chariot.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Champion Chariot.
  • Ranged Armament (Primary): A very long cavalry lance, the "kontos" wielded by two hands.
  • Hacker Armament (Passive-Trample): Scythes.
  • Appearance: -
    • Garb: .
    • Helmet: .
    • Shield: None.
    • Figure(s): -
  • History: .
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: .
  • Special: .

Hypaspistès Basilikos

PTOLEMAIC HEROES

• Generic Name: Ptolemy I "Savior".
• Specific Name: Ptolemaios A' Soter.
  • Class: Hero1.
  • Hacker Armament: .
  • Ranged Armament: None.
  • Appearance:
    • Body: Similar to that of a Macedonian Silver Shield, but with a cape. Boots.
    • Helmet: Crested Attic helmet, highly embossed..
    • Shield: Round shield with Macedonian insignia.
    • Figure(s): .
    • Mount: Similar to the Towered War Elephant.
  • History: Born in 367 BCE, Ptolemy I grew to become one of Alexander the Great's closest friends and generals. He was instrumental in Alexander's later campaigns in Bactria (modern Afghanistan) and India. After Alexander's death, Ptolemy took control of the Satrap of Egypt, and after the Battle of Ipsus became sole ruler of Egypt as "Pharaoh," founding the Ptolemy Dynasty that would rule Egypt for nearly 3 centuries. Ptolemaic Egypt reached the height of its territorial boundaries under his reign as he added Syria, Judea, Cyprus, and parts of Asia Minor to his realm. His reputation for bonhomie and liberality attached the floating soldier-class of Macedonians and Hellenes to his service, and was not insignificant; nor did he wholly neglect conciliation of the native Egyptians. He was a ready patron of letters, founding the Great Library of Alexandria. He himself wrote a history of Alexander's campaigns that has not survived. This used to be considered an objective work, distinguished by its straightforward honesty and sobriety. However, Ptolemy may have exaggerated his own role, and had propagandist aims in writing his History. Although now lost, it was a principal source for the surviving account by Arrian of Nicomedia. Ptolemy died in 283 BCE, the last of the Diodachoi, leaving a well-ordered and stable kingdom to his progeny.
  • Garrison: 3.
  • Function: Construction Foreman and Mercenary Captain.
  • Special:
    • "Hero" Aura (Decreases build time for nearby structures.)
    • Mercenaries cost -50% during his lifetime.

• Generic Name: Ptolemy IV "Father Loving".
• Specific Name: Ptolemaios D' Philopater.
  • Class: Hero2.
  • Hacker Armament: .
  • Ranged Armament: None.
  • Appearance:
    • Body: Bronze muscled cuirass over a long flowing Egyptian tunic. Sandals.
    • Helmet: Laurel wreath crown..
    • Shield: Cavalry shield with Ptolemaic insignia.
    • Figure(s): .
    • Mount: Similar to the King's Guard Cavalry, except more elaborate.
  • History: Ptolemy IV Philopater's reign was inaugurated by the murder of his mother, and he was always under the dominion of favourites, male and female, who indulged his vices and conducted the government as they pleased. Self-interest led his ministers to make serious preparations to meet the attacks of Antiochus III the Great on Coele-Syria including Judea, and the great Egyptian victory of Raphia (217), where Ptolemy himself was present, secured the northern borders of the kingdom for the remainder of his reign. Ptolemy IV is said to have built a giant ship known as the tessarakonteres ("forty"), a huge type of galley. The forty of its name may refer to its number of banks of oars. The current theory is that Ptolemy's ship was an oversize catamaran galley, measuring 128 m 420 ft.
  • Garrison: 2.
  • Function: Naval enhancement. He has low armour.
  • Special:
    • "Hero" Bonus (Juggernaut train limit raised to 5 during his lifetime.)
    • "Hero"Aura (Egyptian Pikemen have greater stats within vision of him.)

• Generic Name: Cleopatra VII.
• Specific Name: Kleopatra H' Philopater.
  • Class: Hero3.
  • Hacker Armament: Recurved bow.
  • Ranged Armament: None.
  • Appearance:
    • Body: Long gown beneath a gold-gilded and highly embossed gorget.
    • Helmet: Elaborate head dress. Black hair and garish Egyptian cosmetics.
    • Shield: None.
    • Figure(s): .
  • History: Cleopatra VII is one of the most discussed women in history. She came to the throne of Egypt at the age of 18 and ruled with guile and cunning. Fully Greek in heritage, she nevertheless engendered great support from the Egyptian people by being the first Ptolemaic Pharaoh to learn the Egyptian language. Her patron goddess was the Egyptian goddess Issus, even though by this time the Macedonians had imported much of their pantheon of Olympian gods. Cleopatra met Julius Caesar in 48 BCE, when he arrived to conquer Egypt for Rome. She succeeded in changing his mind. She bore him a son the next year and traveled to Rome as Caesar's bride, but when Julius was assassinated she fled back to Egypt. Later, on his way to attack Parthia, Marcus Antony, trusted general of the late Caesar, stopped in Egypt. There he met Cleopatra and fell immediately in love. Cleopatra bore him 4 children. Together, they fought Octavian Caesar (who would go on to become Augustus Caesar, first emperor of Rome) in a Roman civil war. After the disastrous naval battle of Actium (31 BCE) off the coast of Greece, they fled back to Egypt, hotly pursued by Octavian. The next year, surrounded by Octavian's forces with no hope of regaining power, Antony committed suicide. Cleopatra, the last of the Egyptian Pharaohs and the last of Alexander's Successors, followed Antony in death, committing suicide by Asp, a deadly snake.
  • Garrison: 1.
  • Function: Consort and Patriot.
  • Special:
    • "Consort" Aura (Increased hero aura bonuses and stats for allied heroes within her range; decreased stats for enemy heroes within range.)
    • "Patriot" Bonus (?)

NEW UNIT TRAITS

• Syntagma Formation: A Macedonian-style formation that makes pikemen nearly invulnerable from the front.
• Damage Frenzy: If the unit loses 75% of its health, it will randomly attack nearby units, friend or foe, other than priests or healers. This effect can only be overcome by restoring the unit's lost health with a healer or by killing it.
• "Stench" Aura: Enemy cavalry units are spooked by elephants and camels, and prove less effective when in range of them.
• "Trample Damage" Aura: As with war elephants and melee cavalry of all types, causes passive crush damage to nearby enemy units through trampling.

CIV CENTRE UNITS

• Melee Infantry: Egyptian Pikeman.
• Ranged Infantry: Nubian Archer.
• Cavalry: Nabataean Camel Rider.

FORBIDDEN CLASSES

• Battering Ram (Towered War Elephant is used for this purpose).

STRUCTURE DESCRIPTIONS

VILLAGE

• Generic Name: House.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: House.
  • History: Since they are made of mud brick, Egyptian houses are free of cost, but are very weak.

• Generic Name: Granary.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Farmstead.
  • History: Since they are made of mud brick, Egyptian farmsteads are free of cost, but are very weak.

• Generic Name: Field.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Field.
  • History: .

• Generic Name: Corral.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Corral.
  • History: Since they are made of mud brick, Egyptian corrals are free of cost, but are very weak..

• Generic Name: Warehouse.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Mill.
  • History: Since they are made of mud brick, Egyptian warehouses come free of cost, but are very weak..

• Generic Name: Egyptian Outpost.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Outpost.
  • History: .

• Generic Name: Palisade.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Palisade.
  • History: A cheap, quick defensive structure constructed with sharpened tree trunks.

TOWN

• Generic Name: Civic Centre.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Civic Centre.
  • History: .

• Generic Name: Dock.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Dock.
  • History: .

• Generic Name: Temple.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Temple.
  • History: .

• Generic Name: Barracks.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Barracks.
  • History: .

• Generic Name: Blacksmith.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Blacksmith.
  • History: .

• Generic Name: Marketplace.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Market.
  • History: .

• Generic Name: Defense Tower.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Defense Tower.
  • History: Towers were an important part of city fortifications. The defending troops shot arrows at the enemy and poured boiling oil over the assailants.

• Generic Name: Stone Wall.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Wall.
  • History: Ptolemaic cities were surrounded by limestone walls for protection against enemy attacks. Some of these fortifications were massive structures.

• Generic Name: Wall Tower.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Wall Tower.
  • History: Towers were an important part of city fortifications. The defending troops shot arrows at the enemy and poured boiling oil over the assailants.

• Generic Name: Gate.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Gate.
  • History: .

CITY

• Generic Name: Fortress.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Fortress.
  • History: .

SPECIAL STRUCTURES

• Generic Name: Military Settlement.
• Specific Name: Klēroukhia.
  • Class: SB1.
  • History: The Ptolemies invited Greeks and Galatians (Gauls) alike to settle in Egypt within military settlements called cleruchies (klēroukhia). Under this arrangement, the settlers were given a plot of land, or a kleros, and in return were required to serve in the pharaoh's army when called to duty. This created a upper-middle class of military settlers who owed their livelihoods and fortunes to the pharaoh and helped grow the available manpower for the Egyptian army. A side effect of this system was that it drained the Greek homeland of military-aged men, a contributing factor to Greece's inevitable conquest by Rome.
  • Requirements: None.
  • Phase: Town.
  • Special:
    • Must be constructed in neutral territory. Has no territory radius effect.
    • Trains all "settler" units: Galatian Settler Swordsman, Macedonian Settler Cavalry, Tarantine Settler Cavalry.

• Generic Name: Library.
• Specific Name: Bibliothikon.
  • Class: SB2.
  • History: .
  • Requirements: None.
  • Phase: City.
  • Special:
    • Maximum of 1 built.
    • All Special Technologies and some regular city-phase technologies are researched here.
    • Building one reduces the cost of all other remaining technologies by 10%.

• Generic Name: Lighthouse.
• Specific Name: Pharos.
  • Class: SB3.
  • History: The Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt built the magnificent Lighthouse of Alexandria near the harbor mouth of that Nile Delta city. This structure could be seen for many kilometers out to sea and was one of the Seven Wonders of the World.
  • Requirements: Dock.
  • Phase: City.
  • Special: When built along the shoreline, removes shroud of darkness over all the water, revealing all the coast lines on the map. Limit: 1.

WONDER

• Generic Name: Temple of Edfu.
• Specific Name: .
  • Class: Wonder.
  • History: .
  • Requirements: Temple.
  • Phase: City.
  • Special: .

NEW STRUCTURE TRAITS

See Special Buildings.

FORBIDDEN STRUCTURES

None.

CIV BONUSES

• CB1
  • Generic Name: Cleruchy.
  • Specific Name: Klēroukhia.
  • History: The Ptolemies invited Greeks and Galatians (Gauls) alike to settle in Egypt within military settlements called cleruchies (klēroukhia). Under this arrangement, the settlers were given a plot of land, or a kleros, and in return were required to serve in the pharaoh's army when called to duty. This created a upper-middle class of military settlers who owed their livelihoods and fortunes to the pharaoh and helped grow the available manpower for the Egyptian army. A side effect of this system was that it drained the Greek homeland of military-aged men, a contributing factor to Greece's inevitable conquest by Rome.
  • Effect: The Ptolemies receive the "Klēroukhia" special building, which is essentially a barracks that is constructed in neutral territory and trains Greek and Galatian "settler" soldiers.

• CB2
  • Generic Name: Nile Delta.
  • History: .
  • Effect: The Ptolemaic Egyptians receive 3 additional farming technologies (see below) above and beyond the maximum number of farming technologies usually available to a faction.

• CB3
  • Generic Name: Roundup.
  • History: .
  • Effect: Can capture gaia elephants and camels. Hosting these animals at the corral structure reduces the cost of training elephant and camel units.

TEAM BONUS:

• TB
  • Name: Breadbasket of the Mediterranean.
  • History: Egypt was a net exporter of grain, so much so that large cities such as Athens, Antioch, and Rome came to rely upon Egyptian grain in order to feed their masses.
  • Effect: All allies automatically gain a slow trickle of food income.

TECHNOLOGIES

• Infantry: Average to slightly below average.
• Cavalry: Good.
• Naval: Good.
• Siege: Good, but not all techs. One fewer tier of siege techs than Macedonia.
• Economy:
  • Farming: Excellent. See "Nile Delta" civ bonus (above) and Special Technologies (below).
  • Mining: Average.
  • Lumbering: Poor. Egypt was definitely not a country of forests.
  • Hunting: Weak.
  • Fishing: Good.
  • Land Trade: Good.
  • Naval Trade: Good.
  • Architecture: Excellent, except for houses, mills, corrals, and farmsteads, which are very weak.
  • Defenses: Good.

SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES

• ST1
  • Generic Name: Pharaonic Cult.
  • Specific Name: .
  • History: .
  • Effect: Hero aura range boosted by 50%.

• ST2 (Farming Tech #1)
  • Generic Name: Well Sweep.
  • Specific Name: Kēlōneion.
  • History: An ancient tool for efficiently drawing water from a well.
  • Effect: Increased food production for farm fields.

• ST3 (Farming Tech #2)
  • Generic Name: Water Wheel.
  • Specific Name: Sāqīya.
  • History: A water wheel used to disburse water from lower elevations into irrigation canals. The earliest evidence of a sakia is from a Hellenistic tomb painting in Ptolemaic Egypt which dates to the 2nd century BC. It shows a pair of yoked oxen driving a compartmented waterwheel, which is for the first time depicted, too. The Greek sakia gear system is already shown fully developed to the point that modern Egyptian devices are virtually identical. It is assumed that the scientists of the Museum of Alexandria, at the time the most active Greek research center, may have been involved in its invention. An episode from the Alexandrian War in 48 BC tells of how Caesar's enemies employed geared waterwheels to pour sea water from elevated places onto the position of the trapped Romans. (source: Wikipedia)
  • Effect: Increased food production for farm fields.

• ST4 (Farming Tech #3)
  • Generic Name: Archimedes' Screw.
  • Specific Name: .
  • History: A machine historically used for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation ditches, whose invention is traditionally attributed to Archimedes of Syracuse, the famous Greek mathematician and engineer.
  • Effect: Increased food production for farm fields.