Changes between Version 32 and Version 33 of Civ:_Persians


Ignore:
Timestamp:
2012-05-05 14:53:17 (13 months ago)
Author:
Shogun 144
Comment:

Added in Generic/Specific? system as much as I could. Tweaks here and there.

Legend:

Unmodified
Added
Removed
Modified

  • Civ:_Persians

    v32 v33  
    3434 
    3535=== INFANTRY === 
    36  * '''Name:''''' '''''Mada Sparabara'''. (Median Spearman) 
     36 * '''Generic Name: Median Spearman''' 
     37 * '''Specific Name: Mada Sparabara''' 
    3738   * '''Class: '''Spearman. 
    3839   * '''Ranged Armament: '''[[BR]]  Basic: 7-foot wooden thrusting spear with a broad iron head and round bronze metal counterweight. Cosmetic akinakes. [[BR]] Advanced: Silver counterweight. Cosmetic akinakes. [[BR]] Elite: Gold counterweight. Cosmetic akinakes. 
    … …  
    4243     * '''Shield: '''[[BR]]  Basic: Large rectangular reed/wicker shield (spara). [[BR]] Advanced: Large rectangular reed/wicker shield (spara), covered with leather. (Could provide for unique defensive sparabara formation for groups of this unit, although we don't have room for it; see Spara in article link in footnotes.) [[BR]] Elite: Similar to the Advanced spara, but elaborately painted. 
    4344     * '''Figure(s):''' Median hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap).[[BR]]Basic:- [[BR]] Advanced:- [[BR]] Elite:- 
    44    * '''History:''' Mede Shieldbearers comprised the main infantry regiment of the Persians during this period, especially in the reign of Xerxes. First under the Medes and later the Achaemenids these soldiers were the bread and butter infantry for hand-to-hand engagement. Within the Satabam, the basic tactical unit of the Achamenid army, the shieldbearers formed the first two ranks, protecting the arhcers and also serving as a way to keep the enemy pinned down until the cavalry could act. While well known for tenacity the shieldbearers were not equipped to last long in an extended melee with heavy infantry, like hoplites. 
     45   * '''History:''' Median Spearmen comprised the main infantry regiment of the Persians during this period, especially in the reign of Xerxes. First under the Medes and later the Achaemenids these soldiers were the bread and butter infantry for hand-to-hand engagement. Within the Satabam, the basic tactical unit of the Achamenid army, the shieldbearers formed the first two ranks, protecting the arhcers and also serving as a way to keep the enemy pinned down until the cavalry could act. While well known for tenacity the shieldbearers were not equipped to last long in an extended melee with heavy infantry, like hoplites. 
    4546   * '''Garrison:''' 1. 
    4647   * '''Function:''' Brawl unit of the Persians. Primarily used to occupy opponents while missile units rain projectiles from behind their lines and the cavalry hits the enemy rear. Virtually cannon fodder. But since they can be called up quickly they can be produced faster than most civilisations, and so are effective in numbers. 
    4748   * '''Special: ''' high defense, low attack. Cheap and fast train time. 
    4849 
    49  * '''Name: '''Sparda Takabara. (means ' Sparda Auxiliary') 
     50 * '''Generic Name: Sardian Auxiliary''' 
     51 * '''Specific Name: Spardiya Takabara''' 
    5052   * '''Class:''' Javelinist. 
    5153   * '''Ranged Armament: '''Palta, a cornel wood javelin, 1.5 to 1.8 metres in length and tipped with iron or bronze heads. They could be thrown immediately before contact or used as a thrusting weapon (but we'll just use them for ranged attack). 
    … …  
    6062   * '''Special:''' Low health and melee armour (due to no armour and lousy shield; not nearly as good as a Peltast up close). Great speed and increased range (light equipment and good boots). 
    6163 
    62  * '''Name: Suguda Thanvabara. '''(Sogdian Archer) 
     64 * '''Generic Name: Sogdian Archer''' 
     65 * '''Specific Name: Suguda Thanvabara''' 
    6366   * '''Class: '''Archer. 
    6467   * '''Ranged Armament: '''Persian recurved bow. This man, like all Iranians, has been training with the bow for a long time. As such he is a crack archer. Included in his armament is a Scythian sword, for close quarters. Cosmetic. 
    … …  
    7477 
    7578=== CAVALRY === 
    76  * '''Name: Katpatuka Asabari.''' (means 'Cappadocian Cavalry') 
     79 * '''Generic Name: Cappadocian Cavalry''' 
     80 * '''Specific Name: Katpaduka Asabara''' 
    7781   * '''Class:''' Cavalry Spearman. 
    7882   * '''Hacker Armament:'''[[BR]]Basic: Cavalry spear.  [[BR]] Advanced: -  [[BR]] Elite: - 
    … …  
    8387     * '''Figure(s):'''[[BR]]Basic: Cappadocian beard and hairstyle (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - 
    8488     * '''Mount:'''[[BR]]Basic: Mounted on the superb Median horse breed. Strong, large, but of medium height. Predominately chestnut, brown, and black. Chipped mane, tail tied with ribbon, forelock grown out to create a crest. [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: Add a bronze skirt over the front half of the horse. 
    85    * '''History:''' Katpatuka or Cappadocia was tough mountain and horse country in Asia Minor that came into the Achaemenid sphere after the defeat of Lydia at the hands of Cyrus. The Persians settled great horse estates under the Hatru system in Cappadocia and the new country gentry provided the Persians with some of the finest medium cavalry of Antiquity. This tradition continued to persist long after the Persians as well. 
     89   * '''History:''' Katpaduka or Cappadocia was tough mountain and horse country in Asia Minor that came into the Achaemenid sphere after the defeat of Lydia at the hands of Cyrus. The Persians settled great horse estates under the Hatru system in Cappadocia and the new country gentry provided the Persians with some of the finest medium cavalry of Antiquity. This tradition continued to persist long after the Persians as well. 
    8690   * '''Garrison:''' 2. 
    8791   * '''Function: '''Highly effective medium cavalry, but generally ineffective against anything heavy. 
    8892   * '''Special:''' 
    8993 
    90  * '''Name: Verkhana Asabari.''' (means 'Hyrcanian Cavalry') 
     94 * '''Generic Name: Hyrcanian Cavalry''' 
     95 * '''Specific Name: Varkaniya Asabara''' 
    9196   * '''Class:''' Cavalry Swordsman. 
    9297   * '''Ranged Armament''':[[BR]]Basic: Palta Javelin (1.5-1.8 metres in length and tipped with iron or bronze heads). Two decorative javelins. Sagaris is main weapon. [[BR]] Advanced: - Elite: - 
    … …  
    96101     * '''Shield:'''[[BR]]Basic: None. [[BR]] Advanced: None. [[BR]] Elite: Leather shield. 
    97102     * '''Figure(s):'''[[BR]]Basic: Hyrcanian hair and beard style (also this subject nation's cap). [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Elite: - 
    98      * '''Mount:'''[[BR]]Basic: Same as the Katpatuka Asabari. [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Ultimate: - 
     103     * '''Mount:'''[[BR]]Basic: Same as the Katpaduka Asabara. [[BR]] Advanced: - [[BR]] Ultimate: - 
    99104   * '''History: '''The Hyrcanians were the light cavalry of the Achaemenid Great Kings. These men were of superb quality, and are mentioned in every major Persian campaign. Their homeland of Hyrcania bordering the Caspian Sea was both a lush fertile rain forest and foreboding mountain country. 
    100105   * '''Garrison:''' 2. 
    … …  
    102107   * '''Special:''' Poorly armoured, but fast. 
    103108 
    104  * '''Name: Mada Asabari.''' (Median Cavalry) 
     109 * '''Generic Name: Median Cavalry''' 
     110 * '''Specific Name: Mada Asabara''' 
    105111   * '''Class:''' Cavalry Javelinist. 
    106112   * '''Ranged Armament:''' Javelin. 
    … …  
    116122   * '''Special:''' 
    117123 
    118  * '''Name: Sa Qurbute. '''(Scythe Chariot) 
     124 * '''Generic Name: Babylonian Chariot''' 
     125 * '''Specific Name: Babiruviya Ratha''' 
    119126   * '''Class: '''Cavalry Archer. 
    120127   * '''Ranged Armament:''' 
    … …  
    127134   * '''Figure(s):[[BR]]Basic: '''Archer:''' '''The chariot crew constantly worked together, training and fighting, and would need to know each other very well to operate such a "complex" machine. Facing danger together would make them very close. Driver: He's not going to be very wealthy compared to the Archer, but he will be slightly better looking than the regular infantry grunt. Decorated beard to indicate the driver is Babylonian. The charioteer was much more than a mere 'driver' - he was a confidant and a trusted adviser of his master.[[BR]]'''Advanced: '''Archer:''' - '''Driver:''' -[[BR]]Elite: '''Archer:''' - Driver: -''' 
    128135   * '''Mount:[[BR]]Basic:  '''Wooden chariot (very sturdy; it was nearly impossible to destroy the chariot itself, so had to kill the horses or occupants -- Peltasts were very effective for this). Led by two unarmoured horses (if necessary, we can reduce the number to one). Knives (scythes) mounted on the axels, underneath the car. These were hung vertically in order to shred anyone unlucky enough to be trampled by the horses. Would make it unsuitable for rough terrain, but would make it significantly more lethal when it could build up speed.[[BR]]'''Advanced: '''Add heavy armour on the sides.[[BR]]'''Elite: '''Add even heavier armour on the sides. 
    129  * '''History:''' Prior to the rise of Persia the chariot was the defining element of the East on the battlefield. While generally already phased out as a field weapon, it was important for prestige. The Achaemenids continued this trend to its logical conclusion. However Cyrus the Great did introduce a modified chariot with scythes, which was used on a number of occasions. These were rare, as the chariot and its crew were expensive to maintain. The most famous deployment of Persian chariots was against Alexander the Great. For the name of the unit we are using Babylonian, as the Persians depended on the Babylonians for their chariot "know-how". 
     136 * '''History:''' Prior to the rise of Persia the chariot was the defining element of warfare in the East. While generally already phased out as a field weapon, it was important for prestige. The Achaemenids continued this trend to its logical conclusion. However Cyrus the Great did introduce a modified chariot with scythes, which was used on a number of occasions. These were rare, as the chariot and its crew were expensive to maintain. The most famous deployment of Persian chariots was against Alexander the Great. Because the Persians depended on the Babylonians for chariot "know-how", we are calling this unit Babylonian Chariot. 
    130137 * '''Garrison:''' 3. 
    131138 * '''Function:''' - 
    … …  
    133140 
    134141=== SUPPORT UNITS === 
    135  * '''Name: Banu Miyanrudani.''' (Persian Woman) 
     142 * '''Generic Name: Persian Woman''' 
     143 * '''Specific Name: ''' 
    136144   * '''Class:''' Female Citizen. 
    137145   * '''Appearance:''' 
    … …  
    139147     * '''Helmet:''' Head scarf. 
    140148     * '''Shield:''' None. 
    141      * '''Figure(s): '''Young (about 25). Dark long hair. Dark eyes. Pale skin. Face clearly visible. (Paradoxically, women during the Achaemenid period did not have to cover their faces. This Arabic tradition was introduced much later.) 
    142    * '''History:''' ?. 
     149     * '''Figure(s): '''Young (about 25). Dark long hair. Dark eyes. Pale skin. Face clearly visible.  
     150   * '''History:''' Persian women had a great deal of personal and public freedom across the span of Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sassanid history. 
    143151   * '''Garrison:''' 1. 
    144152   * '''Function:''' - 
    145153   * '''Special:''' - 
    146154 
    147  * '''Name: Maguš Mada '''(Median Magus) 
     155 * '''Generic Name: Magian''' 
     156 * '''Specific Name: Magus''' 
    148157   * '''Class:''' Priest. 
    149158   * '''Appearance:''' 
    … …  
    152161     * '''Shield:''' None. 
    153162     * '''Figure(s):''' Short hair. No beard or moustache. Otherwise Median facial features. 
    154    * '''History:''' Under both the Medes and later the Persian the tribe of the Magi or the Magians were the masters of religious and oral tradition, comparable to the Levites of the Bible. They were connected to Zoroastrianism, but likely tended to other Iranian cults as well. Aside from religious duties the Magians also functioned as the Great King's bureaucrats and kept his administration running. 
     163   * '''History:''' Under both the Medes and later the Persians the tribe of the Magi or the Magians were the masters of religious and oral tradition, comparable to the Levites of the Bible (for the Magi are believed to be a tribe of the Medes, as the Levites were of the Israelites). They were connected to Zoroastrianism, but likely tended to other Iranian cults as well. Aside from religious duties the Magians also functioned as the Great King's bureaucrats and kept his administration running. 
    155164   * '''Garrison: '''1. 
    156165   * '''Function:''' - 
    157166   * '''Special: '''- 
    158167 
    159  * '''Name: Tamkarum Arami.''' (Aramaean Merchant) 
     168 * '''Generic Name: Aramean Merchant''' 
     169 * '''Specific Name: ''' 
    160170   * '''Class:''' Trader. 
    161171   * '''Appearance:''' 
    … …  
    165175     * '''Figure(s):''' - 
    166176     * '''Mount:''' Mounted on a Dromidary (one-hump) camel (inherits "Stench" Aura), laden down with saddle bags. 
    167    * '''History:''' The Aramaeans settled in the Fertile Crescent in X century BC and became very successful merchants by land. Aramaic gradually replaced Akkadian as the spoken language of the Middle East. Eventually most Achaemenid written administration was written in this language. 
     177   * '''History:''' The Arameans settled in the Fertile Crescent in the 10th century BC and became very successful merchants by land. Aramaic gradually replaced Akkadian as the spoken language of the Middle East. Eventually most Achaemenid written administration was written in this language. 
    168178   * '''Garrison:''' 2. 
    169179   * '''Function: '''Camels are slower than horses. 
    … …  
    174184=== NAVY === 
    175185 
    176  * '''Name: Fishing Boat.''' (to be translated) 
     186 * '''Generic Name: Fishing Boat''' 
     187 * '''Specific Name: Mahigiri Nav''' 
    177188   * '''Class:''' Fishing Ship. 
    178189   * '''Appearance:''' 
    179190     * '''Shell:''' - 
    180    * '''History:''' TBD 
     191   * '''History:''' Not much is known about Persian fishing. We do known fishing was important in Egypt as well as in the Iranian provinces bordering the Persian Gulf and in India. 
    181192   * '''Garrison:''' Cannot. 
    182193   * '''Garrison Capacity:''' 1; support, infantry 
    … …  
    184195   * '''Special:''' - 
    185196 
    186  * '''Name: Kashti Bazargani Yunani. '''(Ionian Trade Ship) 
     197 * '''Generic Name: Ionian Ship''' 
     198 * '''Specific Name: Yaunash Nav''' 
    187199   * '''Class:''' Merchant Ship. 
    188200   * '''Appearance:''' 
    189201     * '''Shell: '''(Standard). 
    190    * '''History:''' The Ionian Greeks embarked on trade initiatives by sea, since they lived on numerous islands in the Aegean or the coast of Asia Minor. 
     202   * '''History:''' The Ionian Greeks embarked on many trade initiatives by sea, due to their settlements on both the Anatolian mainland and in the Aegean. As a result, Ionian merchants were a relatively common sight in the western Persian territories, even after the Ionian Revolt. 
    191203   * '''Garrison: '''Cannot. 
    192204   * '''Function:''' - 
    193205   * '''Special:''' - 
    194206 
    195  * '''Name: Doradi Kebresi.''' (Cypriad Galley) 
     207 * '''Generic Name: Cypriad Warship''' 
     208 * '''Specific Name: Hamaraniyanava''' 
    196209   * '''Class: '''Bireme. 
    197210   * '''Appearance:''' 
    … …  
    202215   * '''Special:''' - 
    203216 
    204  * '''Name: Serade Finisi'''. (Phoenician Trireme) 
     217 * '''Generic Name: Phoenician Warship''' 
     218 * '''Specific Name: Vazarka Hamaraniyanava''' 
    205219   * '''Class: '''Trireme. 
    206220   * '''Appearance:''' 
    207      * '''Shel'''l: - 
     221     * '''Shell''': - 
    208222   * '''History:''' The Phoenician war ships made up the bigger and better part of the Persian navy and were considered better than the Greek triremes. Of the Phoenician cities, Tyre supplied the largest number of ships, while Sidon provided the finest ones. 
    209223   * '''Garrison:''' Cannot. 
    … …  
    213227 
    214228=== SIEGE === 
    215  * '''Generic Name: Assyrian Ram.''' 
    216  * '''Specific Name: Darvazkub Ashuri.''' 
     229 * '''Generic Name: Assyrian Ram''' 
     230 * '''Specific Name: Athuriya Hamaranakuba''' 
    217231   * '''Class:''' Ram. 
    218232   * '''Appearance:''' 
    219233     * '''Shell:''' (Standard). 
    220    * '''History:''' The Assyrians were the only Middle Eastern people who were famous for their siege. One of the first systematic sieges in history was successfully carried out by the Assyrian king Sennacherib at the Judaean town of Lachish in 701 BC. 
     234   * '''History:''' Even after the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the Assyrians themselves remained active in events. Under the Achaemenids they served in their own national regiments together with the Chaldeans. Naturally, they continued to employ the siege skills that made Assyria so famous in Persian service. 
    221235   * '''Garrison:''' 3. 
    222236   * '''Function:''' - 
    … …  
    226240 * '''Generic Name: Persian Immortal.''' 
    227241 * '''Specific Name: Anusyia.''' 
    228    * '''Class: '''Super Infantry Unit. 
     242   * '''Class:'''Super Infantry Unit. 
    229243   * '''Hacker Armament:''' Spear of the 'Immortal' (wooden spear with an iron head and a silver pomegranate counterweight. Length about 7 feet. ); ornamental Akinakes sword. 
    230244   * '''Ranged Armament:''' Persian composite bow. 
    … …  
    234248     * '''Shield: '''Gerron or Dipylon(violin shield); figure eight shield with two concave "holes" in it. A wooden shield unlike the spara, rimmed with iron and embossed with a bronze emblem in the center. 
    235249     * '''Figure(s): '''A strong, well-built and confident-looking fellow (should really look like a combat veteran). 
    236    * '''History:''' The Immortals or Anausa was the name given mistakenly by the Hellene historian Herodotos to the Perisan profesional elite infantry known as the Anusyia or Companions. The regiment was the core of the Achaemenid army, a standing force that remained in permenent attendance to the Great King all year. These men were not recruited from the nobility, but from the combat veterans of the levy army. The Anusyia's arms and armor being provided by the Great King himself. The regiment may have been able to keep unit strength at 10,000 through a combination of excellent pay, elite status, and the fact they were never dismissed from service. 
    237    * '''Function:''' Trained at the 'Apadana' Special Building. Primarily an infantry slaughterer, although very helpful against enemy cavalry too (thanks to their spears). Weak against Greek and Macedonian phalanx (owing to their inferior armour and weaponry) and decent archers (owing to their not so good armour). The Anusyia should be tougher then the rest of the Persian infantry due to their veteran status and their abilty to function as Persia's flexible rapid response force. Should be tenacious like the Sparabara. 
     250   * '''History:''' The Immortals or Anausa was the name given mistakenly by the Hellene historian Herodotos to the Persian professional elite infantry known as the Anusyia or Companions. The regiment was the core of the Achaemenid army, a standing force that remained in permanent attendance to the Great King all year. These men were not recruited from the nobility, but from the combat veterans of the levy army. The regiment's arms and armor were provided by the Great King himself. The Immortals may have been able to keep unit strength at 10,000 through a combination of excellent pay, elite status, and the fact they were never dismissed from service. 
     251   * '''Function:''' Trained at the 'Apadana' Special Building. Primarily an infantry slaughterer, although very helpful against enemy cavalry too (thanks to their spears). Weak against Greek and Macedonian phalanx (owing to their inferior armour and weaponry) and decent archers (owing to their not so good armour). The Anusyia should be tougher then the rest of the Persian infantry due to their veteran status and their abilty to function as Persia's flexible rapid response force. Should be tenacious like the Spearmen. 
    238252   * '''Special: '''Amazing offense and defense due to sheer experience. Much more accurate with his bow than conventional Persian archers (dangerous and skilled, shooting Greeks in the throat or eye-slits of their helmets more often than conventional arrow showers). 
    239253 
    240  * '''Generic Name: Bactrian Lancer. ''' 
    241  * '''Specific Name: Bakhtris Asabari. ''' 
     254 * '''Generic Name: Bactrian Lancer''' 
     255 * '''Specific Name: Bakhtris Asabara Bargostovandar''' 
    242256   * '''Class:''' Cavalry Lancer. 
    243    * '''Hacker Armament:''' Kontos Lance (all iron; 3.6 metres long; two-handed weapon; held the kontos with his right hand towards the bottom of the spear shaft, while the left was in front about 2 feet forward. Then the spearpoint was held on the left side of the horse's neck. So if you looked from the top, the kontos would be at a slight angle from the horse's line of symmetry; absorbed the shock of a hit, since there were no saddles or stirrups to cushion the collision for the horseman). Cosmetic akinakes -- since Cataphracts were drawn from the wealthy upper class -- and they would used these at close range after charging with kontos (hacking, 2.5-3m long). 
    244    * '''Ranged Armament:''' Eastern re-curved bow. 
    245    * '''Appearance:''' 
    246      * '''Garb:''' 
     257   * '''Hacker Armament:''' Kontos Lance (all iron; 3.6 metres long; two-handed weapon; held the kontos with his right hand towards the bottom of the spear shaft, while the left was in front about 2 feet forward. Then the spearpoint was held on the left side of the horse's neck. So if you looked from the top, the kontos would be at a slight angle from the horse's line of symmetry; absorbed the shock of a hit, since there were no saddles or stirrups to cushion the collision for the horseman). Cosmetic akinakes -- since Lancers were drawn from the wealthy upper class -- and they would used these at close range after charging with kontos (hacking, 2.5-3m long). Cosmetic gorytos, both because of the Iranian emphasis on archery and because it was a sign of military pride. 
     258   * '''Appearance:''' 
     259     * '''Garb:''' Purple tunic with gold embroidery. Iron scale cuirass with neck protection. See Shogun's Design Document thread for illustrations and possible linothorax material/ leather alternative. Cheires on left arm. Scale armor on trousers, an Eastern Iranian stylistic trademark. 
    247260     * '''Helmet:''' Sarmatian style conical helmet with nasal bar. and a large horse-tail crest and aventail. 
    248261     * '''Shield:''' None. 
    249      * '''Mount:''' Complete horse armour. 
    250    * '''History:''' Cataphracts were the crushing blow of the Persian cavalry. The development of the Persian cataphract is not well understood, as is the relationship between these men and future generations of cataphract cavalry. At best it seems the Persians adopted the catapharct from encounters with Iranian nomads like the Massagetes. 
     262     * '''Mount:''' Ferghana horse, unarmored. The Bactrians may not have barded their horses in our target period, horse armor being more indicative of the Western Iranian style until Late Achaemenid times. 
     263   * '''History:''' Bactria was an Eastern Iranian kingdom that became part of the Achaemenid Empire early. They fielded some of the best cavalry of the era. Bactrian cavalry are believed to have been an influence on the Kinsmen (Huvaka), the proto-cataphracts of Late Achaemenid period. While Bactrian cavalry was trained to shoot as well as charge with the lance, we have chosen to represent them as lancers. 
    251264   * '''Garrison:''' 2. 
    252265   * '''Function: '''See History. 
    253    * '''Special''': The Lancer should be slower than most cavalry. Heavily armoured, it's main attack strength comes from heavy trample and charge bonuses. Otherwise, the Lancer is at a considerable disadvantage in a slugging melee. They do have a ranged secondary attack with their Eastern composite-recurved bows. 
     266   * '''Special''': The Lancer should be slower than the Hyrcanian Cavalry. Well armoured. 
    254267 
    255268=== HEROES === 
    256269 * '''Generic Name: Cyrus The Great.''' 
    257  * '''Specific Name: Kurush II.''' 
     270 * '''Specific Name: Kurush II''' 
    258271   * '''Class:''' Hero1. 
    259272   * '''Ranged Armament:''' Javelin. Cosmetic akinakes on his right side. 
    260273   * '''Appearance:''' 
    261      * '''Garb: '''Red Median garb of Mede Light Horse. Normal Mada Asabari armour, but adorned with gold. 
    262      * '''Helmet:''' Helmet as depicted in this image of a noble Assyrian cavalry archer. 
     274     * '''Garb: '''Red Median garb of Median Cavalry. Normal Median Cavalry armour, but adorned with gold. 
     275     * '''Helmet:''' See Shogun's Design Document thread. 
    263276     * '''Shield: '''None. 
    264277     * '''Figure(s):''' Head and beard as depicted in above image. 
    … …  
    270283     * "Hero" Aura increases attack damage of nearby cavalry units. 
    271284 
    272  * '''Generic Name: Darius The Great.''' 
    273  * '''Specific Name: Darayavahush I.''' 
     285 * '''Generic Name: Darius The Great''' 
     286 * '''Specific Name: Darayavahush I''' 
    274287   * '''Class:''' Hero2. 
    275288   * '''Hacker Armament: '''Spear of the Immortal. 
    … …  
    285298     * "Hero" Aura increases movement speed of nearby units. 
    286299 
    287  * '''Generic Name: Xerxes I.''' 
    288  * '''Specific Name: Xsayarsa I.''' 
     300 * '''Generic Name: Xerxes I''' 
     301 * '''Specific Name: Xsayarsa I''' 
    289302   * '''Class:''' Hero3. 
    290303   * '''Hacker Armament:''' Short Sword (Akinakes). 
    … …  
    294307     * '''Shield: '''None. 
    295308     * '''Figure(s): '''Head as depicted in image. 
    296    * '''History: '''(485 BC - 465 BC) The son of Darius the Great and Atoosa, a daughter of Cyrus the Great, Xerxes was an able administrator, who also extended Imperial rule into Chorasmia. Apart from his failed invasion of Greece, he was famous for his extensive building programme, especially at Persepolis. 
     309   * '''History: '''(485 BC - 465 BC) The son of Darius the Great and Atossa, a daughter of Cyrus the Great, Xerxes was an able administrator, who also extended Imperial rule into Khorasmia. Apart from his failed invasion of Greece, he was famous for his extensive building programme, especially at Persepolis. Xerxes is also famous for his religious innovations. 
    297310   * '''Garrison:''' 1. 
    298311   * '''Function: '''Poor in combat (Achaemenid commanders often personally engaged in combat, so Xerxes is the exception). Best used as an economic administrator back at base. 
    … …  
    314327== STRUCTURE DESCRIPTIONS == 
    315328=== VILLAGE === 
    316  * '''Name: Pairidaeza.''' (Means 'fortified garden'.) 
     329 * '''Generic Name: House''' 
     330 * '''Specific Name: Vith''' 
    317331   * '''Class:''' House. 
    318    * '''History:''' Apart from the Great King and his close relatives, the satraps resided in splendid spacious residences, which included palaces, pavilions and gardens. The English word "paradise" derives from these gardens. 
    319  
    320  * '''Name: Jowgah. '''(Means 'farm'.) 
     332   * '''History:''' 
     333 
     334 * '''Generic Name: Farmstead''' 
     335 * '''Specific Name: ''' 
    321336   * '''Class: '''Farmstead. 
    322337   * '''History:''' Farming probably originated in the lands of Mesopotamia circa 8000 BC. The arable lands of Sumer and Akkad, well irrigated by the Tigris and Euphrates, accounted for food surpluses, which were in turn stored in granaries present in every town. The Persians, who were originally shepherds and hunters, probably began farming under the influence of the nearby Elamites. 
    323338 
    324  * '''Name: Keshtzar.''' (Means 'field'.) 
     339 * '''Generic Name: Farm''' 
     340 * '''Specific Name:''' 
    325341   * '''Class: '''Field. 
    326342   * '''History:''' Unlike today, when southern Iraq is almost entirely covered with deserts, ancient Mesopotamia of 3000 years ago was an extremely fertile, arable land. 
    327343 
    328  * '''Name: Ramag. '''(Means 'horse herd'.) 
     344 * '''Generic Name: Corral''' 
     345 * '''Specific Name: Gaithastana''' 
    329346   * '''Class:''' Corral. 
    330347   * History: The Persian kings established Royal Horse Herds, for use during military campaigns, at strategic locations throughout the entire Empire. 
    331348 
    332  * '''Name: Asiya. '''(Means 'mill'.) 
     349 * '''Generic Name: Mill''' 
     350 * '''Specific Name:''' 
    333351   * '''Class''': Mill. 
    334352   * '''History:''' The Persian kings kept the huge annual tribute received by their subject nations in specific buildings in Persepolis and Susa. In the provinces, the satraps were responsible for the establishment of similar foundations, where local taxes and public funds were kept. 
    335353 
    336  * '''Name: Padgan. '''(Means 'outpost'.) 
     354 * '''Generic Name: Outpost''' 
     355 * '''Specific Name: Didebani 
    337356   * '''Class:''' Scout Tower. 
    338357   * '''History:''' The narrow entrance into mountainous Cilicia was protected by wooden fortifications which made any foreign intrusions extremely difficult. 
    … …  
    340359 
    341360=== TOWN === 
    342  * '''Name: Xsacapava.''' (Means 'Provincial Governor'.) 
    343    * '''Class: '''Civ Centre. 
     361 * '''Generic Name: Provincial Governor''' 
     362 * '''Specific Name: Xsacapava 
     363   * '''Class: '''Civ Center 
    344364   * '''History:''' The practice of using Xsacapava or Satraps as governors to administer the realm was a practice older then the Achaemenids themselves. The term first appears in Median to describe their vassal kings and it is likely that Cyrus the Great introduced it into his new empire. Darius the Great streamlined and formalized this system under his sweeping administrative reforms. 
    345365 
    346  * '''Name: Bandar'''. (Means 'dock'.) 
     366 * '''Generic Name: Dock''' 
     367 * '''Specific Name:''' 
    347368   * '''Class: '''Dock. 
    348    * '''History:''' Situated on the Mediterranean coast, all Phoenician cities had excellent docks and harbours, the oustanding example being Tyre, which was situated on an island close to the shore. 
    349  
    350  * '''Name: Atarsh.''' (Means 'temple'.) 
     369   * '''History:''' Situated on the Mediterranean coast, all Phoenician cities had excellent docks and harbours, the outstanding example being Tyre, which was situated on an island close to the shore. 
     370 
     371 * '''Generic Name: Temple''' 
     372 * '''Specific Name: Ayadana''' 
    351373   * '''Class: '''Temple. 
    352374   * '''History:''' Zoroastrian Temples were most often simple structures, not as ornate as Christian churches and Muslim mosques. Fire Altars were also widely spread as small places of worship. 
    353375 
    354  * '''Name: Apadana. '''(Means 'barracks'.) 
     376 * '''Generic Name: Barracks''' 
     377 * '''Specific Name: Padgan''' 
    355378   * '''Class: '''Barracks. 
    356    * '''History:''' The vassal and subject peoples sent representatives to deliver annual tribute to the Great King in Persepolis; the King accepted them in the Apadana ("Audience Hall"). 
     379   * '''History:''' The Persian barracks was often the armory where the weapons of the national regiment of that region was stored.  
    357380   * '''Special:''' Train Infantry citizen-soldiers. 
    358381 
    359  * '''Name: Vazar. '''(Means 'market'.) 
     382 * '''Generic Name: Market''' 
     383 * '''Specific Name: ''' 
    360384   * '''Class:''' Market. 
    361    * '''History:''' Traders from all distant parts of the huge empire met, exchanged and sold goods in the huge bazaars present in almost every big city. Babylon and Susa were the largest and most frequented trade centres. 
    362  
    363  * '''Name: Divar.''' (Means 'wall'.) 
     385   * '''History:''' Traders from all distant parts of the sprawling empire met, exchanged and sold goods in the huge bazaars present in almost every big city. Babylon and Susa were the largest and most frequented trade centers. 
     386 
     387 * '''Generic Name: Wall''' 
     388 * '''Specific Name: Dida''' 
    364389   * '''Class:''' Wall. 
    365    * '''History: '''These were the massive walls that Nebuchadnezzar built to protect the city. It is said that two four-horse chariots could easily pass by each other. Babylon, although not an official royal residence (there were 4 of them all together), was a preferred place for holidays. 
    366  
    367  * '''Name: Borj.''' (Means 'tower'.) 
     390   * '''History: ''' The Persians had some skill in fortification, reflected here in their walls. 
     391 
     392 * '''Generic Name: Tower''' 
     393 * '''Specific Name: Dezhak''' 
    368394   * '''Class:''' Tower. 
    369    * '''History:''' When Cyrus the Great campaigned in the north and chose to establish the river Jaxartes as a boundary, he constructed a mighty fortress to protect his territories from Scythian raids. It was called Cyropolis and was situated close to the place where Alexander the Great later built his Alexandria Eschatae. 
    370  
    371  * '''Name: Darvaze.''' (Means 'gate'.) 
     395   * '''History:''' When Cyrus the Great campaigned in the north and chose to establish the river Jaxartes as a boundary, he constructed a mighty fortress to protect his territories from Scythian raids. It was called Cyropolis by the Hellenes and was situated close to the place where Alexander the Great later built his Alexandria Eschatae. 
     396 
     397 * '''Generic Name: Gate''' 
     398 * '''Specific Name: Duvitaparnam''' 
    372399   * '''Class:''' Gate. 
    373    * '''History:''' The several ceremonial entrances to the great city of Babylon were furnished with magnificent gates, the gate of Ishtar being the most splendid of all. 
     400   * '''History:''' The Persians had some skill in fortification, reflected here in their gates. 
    374401 
    375402=== CITY === 
    376  * '''Name: Dura.''' (Babylonian Akkadian; means 'fortress'.) 
     403 * '''Generic Name: Fortress''' 
     404 * '''Specific Name: Dezh''' 
    377405   * '''Class:''' Fortress. 
    378    * '''History:''' The Susa Chateau was a fortress in the administrative capital of Susa, which was reconstructed by a French archaeologist in 1890 with the use of original building material. 
     406   * '''History:''' The Susa Chateau was a fortress in the administrative capital of Susa, which was reconstructed by a French archaeologist in 1890 with the use of original building material. We are using this as the model for the Persian Fortress. 
    379407 
    380408=== SPECIAL STRUCTURES === 
    381  * '''Generic Name: Cavalry Stables. ''' 
    382  * '''Specific Name: ???. ''' 
     409 * '''Generic Name: Cavalry Stables''' 
     410 * '''Specific Name: ''' 
    383411   * '''Class: '''Stables. 
    384412   * '''History:''' The Persian Empire's best soldiers were Eastern horsemen. 
    385413   * '''Special:''' Train Cavalry citizen-soldiers. 
    386414 
    387  * '''Generic Name: Persian Palace.''' 
    388  * '''Specific Name: Apadana.''' 
    389    * '''Class:''' SB1. 
    390    * '''History:''' The annual tribute that the Persians received from their satrapies and vassal states, as regularised by Darius the Great, accounted for incredible annual revenue. As a result this building is named Apadana, after the winter palace of Darius in Persepolis. 
     415 * '''Generic Name: Persian Palace''' 
     416 * '''Specific Name: Apadana''' 
     417   * '''Class:''' SB1 
     418   * '''History:''' The term Apadana designates a large hypostyle palace found in Persia. The best known example, and by far the largest, was the great Apadana at Persepolis. Functioning as the empire's central audience hall, the palace is famous for the reliefs of the tribute-bearers and of the army, including the Immortals. 
    391419   * '''Special:''' "Satrapy Tribute." Trains Persian Immortals. 
    392420 
    … …  
    397425 * '''CB1''' 
    398426   * '''Name: Ability to Corral Camels and Horses.''' 
    399    * '''History:''' While the Persians employed camelry only in a few cases, its use was always accompanied by great success (most notably during the battle of Sardis in 546 BC). The satrapy of Bactria was a rich source of "two-hump" camels, while Northern Arabia supplied "one-hump" camels. 
     427   * '''History:''' Horses were of great importance to the Achaemenids, especially in the eastern provinces. Camels, as beasts of burden, were also prized. 
    400428   * '''Effect:''' Camels and horses can be captured in the wild and placed in the Corral. Unlike normal corralled animals, which generate food, the Corralled Camel/Horse functions similarly to a relic. As long as it remains in the Corral, the resource cost of training camel-mounted units (the Trader, specifically) or horse-mounted units (as appropriate) is reduced by a fixed amount. 
    401429 
    402430 * '''CB2''' 
    403    * '''Name: Great King's Levy'''  The Persians could and did levy a large number of infantry during wartime due to the sheer size of the Achaemenid Empire and the way in which it was set-up. In general the Persian infantry was well trained and fought with great tenacity. However while this was true the infantry were poor hand-to-hand, close combat fighters. Also, with the exception of the elite regiments, the Persian infantry was not a standing professional force. 
     431   * '''Name: Great King's Levy'''   
     432   * '''History:''' The Persians could and did levy a large number of infantry during wartime due to the sheer size of the Achaemenid Empire and the way in which it was set-up. In general the Persian infantry was well trained and fought with great tenacity. However while this was true the infantry were poor hand-to-hand, close combat fighters. Also, with the exception of the elite regiments, the Persian infantry was not a standing professional force. 
    404433   * '''History:''' See above 
    405434   * '''Effect: ''' All Persian Citizen Infantry units have -20% reduced training time to represent their quick mobilization and light status in comparison to the other civs. In consequence, their infantry also have -20% Health. 
    … …  
    415444 * '''Cavalry''': Cavalry were strong. They should have the strongest cavalry prior to the introduction of Parthians and Huns. Virtually no armour upgrades. Once again, combined arms for maximum effect. 
    416445 * '''Naval''': The Persian navy, while being of great stature, actually consisted entirely of non-Persian elements; ships generally came from Phoenicia, Egypt and Cyprus. Strong navy, so they'd get some naval techs, but without the rare Quinquereme. 
    417  * '''Siege''': Neither here nor there. Apart from the Assyrians, no ancient Middle Eastern civilisation was renown for its siege. The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, for example, spent 13 years besieging Tyre before the mighty fortress was finally taken. Do whatever it takes to make their siege unexceptional, mediocre. 
     446 * '''Siege''': Neither here nor there. The Achaemenids were not renown for siege warfare, Assyrian service notwithstanding. Persian siege expertise would have to wait for the Sassanid period. So average level at best. 
    418447 * '''Economy''': Most techs. 
    419448   * '''Farming''': Very good agriculture. 
    … …  
    432461   * '''Name: Naval Craftsmanship''' 
    433462   * '''History: '''Early Achaemenid rulers acted towards making Persia the first great Asian empire to rule the seas. The Great King behaved favourably towards the various sea peoples in order to secure their services, but also carried out various marine initiatives. During the reign of Darius the Great, for example, a canal was built in Egypt and a Persian navy was sent exploring the Indus river. According to Herodotus, some 300 ships in the Persian navy were retrofitted to carry horses and their riders. 
    434    * '''Effect:''' Cypriad Galleys gain the unique ability to transport cavalry (which is not normally possible for warships, with the exception of mounted Heroes). This only includes cavalry that occupy two Garrison slots (therefore large cavalry units like elephants, chariots, and so on, cannot board Galleys). 
     463   * '''Effect:''' Cypriad Warships gain the unique ability to transport cavalry (which is not normally possible for warships, with the exception of mounted Heroes). This only includes cavalry that occupy two Garrison slots (therefore large cavalry units like elephants, chariots, and so on, cannot board Galleys). 
    435464 
    436465 * '''ST2''' 
    … …  
    445474 
    446475=== TRANSLATIONS === 
    447 A list of (Modern) Persian translations provided by Tonto_Sanjab, used to create the Persian unit/structure names: 
    448  
    449  * Arabian = Tazi (language = Arabi) 
    450  * Aramaean = Arami 
    451  * Archer = Kamandar 
    452  * Armoured = Zerehi 
     476A list of translations of Old/Middle Persian provided by Spahbod on Wildfire Games Forums and by rez via private message on Total War Center: 
     477 
     478 * Archer =  Thanvabara 
     479 * Armoured = Zerehdar 
    453480 * Armoured 
    454481 * Horse = Aspe Zerehdar 
    455  * Fully Armoured Horse = Aspe Porzereh 
    456  * Assyria = Ashura 
    457  * Assyrian = Ashuri 
    458  * Armoury = Zerehgah 
    459  * Blacksmith = Ahangari 
    460  * Babylon = Babirush 
    461  * Babylonian = Babirushi 
    462  * Bactria = Balkh 
    463  * Bactrian = Balkhi 
    464  * Bireme = Dorade 
    465  * Camelry = Shotorsavaran 
    466  * Cappadocian = Kappadoki 
     482 * Fully Armoured Horse = Aspe Bargostovandar 
     483 * Assyria = Athur 
     484 * Assyrian = Athuriya 
     485 * Babylon = Babiru 
     486 * Babylonian = Babiruviya 
     487 * Bactria = Bakhtri 
     488 * Bactrian = Bakhtrish 
     489 * Bireme = Hamaraniyanava  
     490 * Camelry = Oshtorsvaran 
     491 * Cappadocian = Katpaduka 
    467492 * Cataphract, Heavy Cavalry = See Armoured Horse, Fully Armoured Horse 
    468  * Cavalry = Aspsavaran 
    469  * Chariot = Chaharcharkhe 
    470  * Cilician = Silisi 
    471  * Corral = Janvargah 
    472  * Cypriad = Kebresi (someone from Cyrpus) 
    473  * Dock = Langargah 
    474  * Farm = Keshtzar 
    475  * Farmer = Keshavarz 
    476  * Fishing Boat = Kashti Mahigiri 
    477  * Fully Armoured = Porzereh 
    478  * Fully Covered = Porpushide 
    479  * Gate = Darvaze 
    480  * Granary = Jowgah 
    481  * Harbour = (See Dock) 
    482  * Heavy = Sangin 
     493 * Cavalry = Asabara 
     494 * Chariot = Ratha 
     495 * Corral =  Gaithastana 
     496 * Fishing Boat =  Mahigiri Nav 
     497 * Fully Armoured =  Bargostovan 
     498 *  Gate = Duvitaparnam  
    483499 * Horse = Asp 
    484  * Horsekiller = Aspkosh 
    485  * Indian = Hendi 
    486  * Infantry = Piyade 
    487  * Ionian = Yunani (Name for all Greeks, even used today) 
    488  * Javelinist/Javelineer = Zhupinandaz 
    489  * Knight = Gord 
    490  * Lancer = Aspe Neyzedar 
    491  * Light = Sabok 
    492  * Light Cavalry = Aspe Sabok 
     500 * Indian =  Hindu 
     501 * Infantry = Pasti 
     502 * Ionian = Yauna, Yaunash 
     503 * Javelinist/Javelineer = Takabara (Not precisely, but Takabara is an all-purpose Old Persian term for an auxiliary, and an auxiliary from central Anatolia is the Persian javelineer.) 
    493504 * Magus = (See Priest) 
    494  * Man = Mard 
    495  * Mede = Mad 
     505 * Man = Mart 
     506 * Mede = Mada 
    496507 * Media = Mada 
    497  * Median = Mad (language = Madi) 
    498  * Merchantman = Bazargan 
    499  * Mesapotamian = Miyanrudani 
    500  * Mill = Asiya 
    501  * Orchard = Golestan 
    502  * Outpost = Padgan 
    503  * Palace = Kakh 
    504  * Peasant = Dehgan 
    505  * Persian = Pars (language = Parsi) 
    506  * Phoenician = Finisi 
    507  * Phrygian = Frighi 
    508  * Port = (see Dock) 
    509  * Priest = Mogh 
    510  * Ram = Darvazkub 
    511  * Rider, Horseman = Aspsavar 
    512  * Ship = Kashti 
    513  * Skirmisher = Zhupinandaz 
    514  * Slinger = Sangandaz 
    515  * Soldier = Sarbaz 
    516  * Spearman = Neyzedar 
    517  * Stable = Axor 
    518  * Swordsman = Shamshirdar 
    519  * Temple = Atashkade 
    520  * "the Great" = e Bozorg (eg Dariuse Bozorg) 
    521  * Thrower = Andaz 
    522  * Tower = Borj 
    523  * Trade = Bazargani 
    524  * Trade Ship = Kashti Bazargani 
    525  * Transport Ship = Kashti Adambari 
    526  * Trireme = Serade 
    527  * Three = Se 
    528  * Two = Do 
    529  * Village = Rusta 
    530  * Villager = Rustai 
    531  * Wall = Divar 
    532  * War = Jang / Setiz 
    533  * War Elephant = Pil Jangi 
    534  * Woman = Zan or Banu 
    535  * Zoroastrian = Zartoshti 
    536  
    537 Persian/English 
    538  
    539  1. Parsa/Fars - homeland of the Persians; plus the lowland of Anshan (Khuzistan). 
    540  1. Uvja/Elam 
    541  1. Babirush/Babylonia: modern middle east 
    542  1. Athura/Assyria: eastern Turkey, northern Iraq 
    543  1. Arabaya/Northern Arabia 
    544  1. Mudraya/Egypt; added by Cambyases I. 
    545  1. Tyaiy Drayahya/Northern Turkey: 'the lands beside the (Black) Sea 
     508 * Median = Mada 
     509 * Outpost = Didebani 
     510 * Palace = Apadana 
     511 * Persian = Parsa 
     512 * Priest = Magus 
     513 * Ram =  Hamaranakuba 
     514 *  Ship = Nav 
     515 * Skirmisher = (see Javelineer) 
     516 * Spearman = Arstibara (technically, the Arstibara were part of the Achaemenid Royal Guard, even higher then the Immortals. Spearmen as what we think of were the Shieldbearers) 
     517 * Temple = Ayadana 
     518 * "the Great" = e Bozorg  
     519 * Tower = Dezhak 
     520 * Transport Ship = Bartaniyanava  
     521 * Trireme =  Vazarka Hamaraniyanava 
     522 * Village = Avahna 
     523 * Villager = Daha 
     524 * Wall = Dida 
     525 * War = Hamarana 
     526 
     527  
     528 Persian/English district and satrapy names revised by Shogun 144: 
     529 
     530 1. Parsa/Fars: homeland of the Persians; plus the lowland of Anshan (Khuzistan). 
     531 1. Uvja/Elam: Self-explanatory 
     532 1. Babiru/Babylonia: Southern Iraq 
     533 1. Athur/Assyria: eastern Turkey, northern Iraq 
     534 1. Arabaya/Northern Arabia: Self-explanatory 
     535 1. Mudraya/Egypt: Added by Cambyases I. 
     536 1. Tyaiy Drayahya/Northern Turkey: "The lands beside the (Black) Sea" 
    546537 1. Sparda/Lydia: Southeastern Turkey 
    547538 1. Yauna/Ionian:the same as above 
    548539 1. Mada/Media: northeastern Iran; Tarsus mountains. 
    549  1. Armina/Armenia 
    550  1. Katpatuka/Cappadocia: still turkey: central 
     540 1. Armina/Armenia: Self-explanatory 
     541 1. Katpaduka/Cappadocia: Still Turkey; central 
    551542 1. Parthava/Parthia: eastern Iran 
    552  1. Zraka/Drangiana: Seistan, eastern Iran 
     543 1. Zranka/Drangiana: Seistan, eastern Iran 
    553544 1. Haraiva/Aria: Herat, Afghanistan 
    554  1. Uvarazmish/Kwarazm or Chorasmia: lower Amu Darya: Kazakhstan + Uzbekhstan 
     545 1. Uvarazmiya/Kwarazm or Chorasmia: lower Amu Darya: Kazakhstan + Uzbekhstan 
    555546 1. Bakhtrish/Bactria: north of the Hindu Kush range 
    556  1. Suguda/Sogdiana: Samarkand region: Afghanistan 
    557  1. Gadara/Gandhara: Peshawar: upper Indus: Pakistan 
    558  1. Saka or Saca/The steppe country inhabited by the Scythian tribes on the Syr Darya 
     547 1. Sughd/Sogdiana: Samarkand region: Afghanistan 
     548 1. Gandara/Gandhara: Peshawar: upper Indus: Pakistan 
     549 1. Saka or Saca: The steppe country inhabited by the Scythian tribes on the Syr Darya 
    559550 1. Thatagush/Sattagydia: Kabul: Afghanistan 
    560  1. Harauvatish/Kandahar 
    561  1. Maka/The desert coast of Makran and Baluchistan in southern Iran +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
    562  1. Putaya/Lybia: nominal rule only 
     551 1. Harauvatish/Kandahar: Self-explanatory 
     552 1. Maka: The desert coast of Makran and Baluchistan in southern Iran 
     553 1. Putay/Libya: nominal rule only 
    563554 1. Kushiya/Ethiopia: nominal rule 
    564  1. Hindush/The Sind region of lower Indus, Pakistan: nominal rule 
    565  1. Karka/Caria 
    566  
    567 Additions from rquader: 
    568  
    569 The language of the Persians was Avestan and also an Indo-European language known as Sanskrit which the Indians spoke. In the old days, many languages had similarities and in essence were derived from other languages, so most of them had many things in common. The speech of the court and nobility in the days of Darius I was Old Persian, a tongue so closely related to Sanskrit that evidently they are both dialects of some language older still. 
    570  
    571 Old Persian developed on the one hand into Zend, the language of the Zend-Avesta and on the other hand into Pahlavi -- a Hindu language from which has come the Persian language of today, Farsi (spoken in modern Iran). 
    572  
    573 When the Persians took to writing, they adopted the Babylonian cuneiform for their monumental inscriptions and the Aramaic alphabet for their other documents. 
    574  
    575  * Asiya: house, home, dwelling (NOT mill) 
    576  * Jangi: soldier 
    577  * Bow: Dhanu 
    578  * Dhanur Grahin: Archer 
    579  * Nu: Ship 
     555 1. Hindush: The Sind region of lower Indus, Pakistan; nominal rule 
     556 1. Karka/Caria: Self-explanatory 
     557