Changes between Version 1 and Version 2 of Civ:_Celts


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Timestamp:
2009-07-01 20:25:04 (4 years ago)
Author:
feneur
Comment:

Formatting + minor edits

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  • Civ:_Celts

    v1 v2  
    1 Civ: Celts (gauls, Britons) 
    2  
    3 CELTIC CIVILISATION PROFILE 
    4  
     1[[TOC]] 
     2= CELTIC CIVILISATION PROFILE = 
     3{{{ 
    54by Jason Bishop. Email: jason@0ad.wildfiregames.com and Anthony McKinley. Email: tlmis@hotmail.com.  
    6  
    7 UNIT DESCRIPTIONS  
     5}}} 
     6 
     7== UNIT DESCRIPTIONS == 
     8 
    89 
    910QUOTE 
    10 Notes about appearances for all Celtic units:  
    11  
    12 Clothing was checkered, speckled, striped, multi-coloured, plaid. 
    13  
    14 Colours: 
    15 Yellow/Black – Subjects. 
    16 Grey/Brown/Red – Nobles. 
    17 Purple/Blue – Kings. 
    18 No more than one colour at a time – Slaves. 
    19  
    20 ==INFANTRY==  
    21  
    22 * Name: Gaesata  
    23 * Class: Spearman.  
    24 * Hacker Armament: Heavy Spear. 
    25 * Appearance: 
    26 - Garb:  
    27 Basic – Shirtless with trousers. 
    28 Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
    29 Ultimate – Trousers (bright colours), shirt of mail.  
    30 - Helmet: 
    31 Basic – No helmet. 
    32 Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
    33 Ultimate – Celtic helmet. 
    34 - Shield:  
    35 Basic – Oval. 
    36 Advanced – Oval. 
    37 Ultimate – Oval. 
    38 - Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers model for basic and advanced, the armour trousers model for the Ultimate. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck optional in advanced and Ultimate. Soft leather shoes, not boots. Basic could also have long hair.  
    39 * History: The main weapon of most Celtic warriors was the spear. Spears came in great variety with many specialized heads for fighting various types of enemies, hunting, and parade decoration. A spearman in a Celtic society was not inherently low class though; spears were associated with numerous deities and heroes. Spearmen are noted several times of fighting in phalanxes and Celtic art depicts them sometimes standing in what would later be recognized as a shieldwall, probably for when they were holding a position.  
    40 * Garrison: 1. 
    41 * Function: - 
     11{{{ 
     12  Notes about appearances for all Celtic units:  
     13 
     14  Clothing was checkered, speckled, striped, multi-coloured, plaid. 
     15 
     16  Colours: 
     17  Yellow/Black – Subjects. 
     18  Grey/Brown/Red – Nobles. 
     19  Purple/Blue – Kings. 
     20  No more than one colour at a time – Slaves. 
     21}}} 
     22=== INFANTRY === 
     23 
     24 * Name: Gaesata  
     25  * Class: Spearman.  
     26  * Hacker Armament: Heavy Spear. 
     27  * Appearance: 
     28   * Garb:  
     29     Basic – Shirtless with trousers. 
     30     Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
     31     Elite – Trousers (bright colours), shirt of mail.  
     32   * Helmet: 
     33     Basic – No helmet. 
     34     Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
     35     Elite – Celtic helmet. 
     36   * Shield:  
     37     Basic – Oval. 
     38     Advanced – Oval. 
     39     Elite – Oval. 
     40   * Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers model for basic and advanced, the armour trousers model for the Ultimate. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck optional in advanced and Ultimate. Soft leather shoes, not boots. Basic could also have long hair.  
     41  * History: The main weapon of most Celtic warriors was the spear. Spears came in great variety with many specialized heads for fighting various types of enemies, hunting, and parade decoration. A spearman in a Celtic society was not inherently low class though; spears were associated with numerous deities and heroes. Spearmen are noted several times of fighting in phalanxes and Celtic art depicts them sometimes standing in what would later be recognized as a shieldwall, probably for when they were holding a position.  
     42  * Garrison: 1. 
     43  * Function: - 
     44  * Special: - 
     45 
     46 
     47 
     48 * Name: Baguada  
     49  * Class: Javelinist. 
     50  * Ranged Armament: Light Spear. 
     51  * Appearance: 
     52   * Garb:  
     53     Basic – Trousers and tunic (earth tones). 
     54     Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
     55     Elite – Trousers only (bright colours).  
     56   * Helmet: 
     57     Basic – No helmet. 
     58     Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
     59     Elite – Celtic helmet. 
     60   * Shield:  
     61     Basic – No shield. 
     62     Advanced – Round shield. 
     63     Elite – Oval shield. 
     64   * Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers model for basic and advanced, the shirtless trousers model for the Ultimate. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck optional in advanced and Ultimate. Soft leather shoes, not boots. Basic could also have long hair.  
     65  * History: Baguada means 'geurilla'; an irregular combatant. Skirmishers, raiders, pirates, etc., would fit under such a designation. Such men were extremely common in Celtic armies. While positions were best held by dedicated spearmen standing in an ordered line and wall, the duty of softening an enemy, and even breaking weaker enemy positions, such as militia, would go to men carrying huge numbers of additional javelins. So many javelins did Celts bring with them, they were said in at least one instance in Galatia to 'charge following a black shadow so great sunlight is emptied from the sky', a poetic description of the enormous number of missiles they would put into the air preceding their main attack.  
     66  * Garrison: 1. 
     67  * Function: The mainstay of the Celtic military. Moderate Cost, faster than normal training time, moderate armour, above average movement rate, moderate offense.  
     68  * Special: -. 
     69 
     70 
     71 
     72 * Name: Iaosae  
     73  * Class: Slinger. 
     74  * Hacker Armament: Long knife or short sword 
     75  * Ranged Armament: Sling. 
     76  * Appearance: 
     77   * Garb:  
     78     Basic – Trousers only (earth tones). 
     79     Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
     80     Elite – Trousers and tunica with padded leather vest (bright colours).  
     81   * Helmet: 
     82     Basic – No helmet. 
     83     Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
     84     Elite – Celtic helmet. 
     85   * Shield:  
     86     Basic – No shield. 
     87     Advanced – Small rectangular shield. 
     88     Elite – Round shield. 
     89   * Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers model for basic and advanced, the shirtless trousers model for the Ultimate. Face would have a large moustache or be clean shaved. Torc around neck in Advanced and Elite. Barefoot at first, then shoes or boots. Basic could also have long hair. 
     90  * History: Sling bullets are found in enormous numbers in Celtic sites, made of lead, though clay bullets would also have been used. Slings figure prominently in Celtic myth, and were not associated with any sense of shame. To the contrary, the great skill needed to use a sling well was highly rewarded and favored, so they found much more use in Celtic society for a ranged weapon than bows, outside of specific tribes. The god Lugos, in Irish myth Lug, is associated closely with many weapons, among them his sling. Slings were the primary weapon of Celtic hunters as well. In battle, men with slings would mainly be of the middle class, so better equipped than most slingers in other societies for melee. However, the heavy lead bullets so common to them makes their range shorter than average, compensated for by the puncture power of well-made bullets.  
     91  * Garrison: 1. 
     92  * Function: Range of the Celtic military. Higher than normal cost for slingers, moderate armour, above average movement rate, good offense, but slightly shorter than average range. Should be less disadvantaged in a melee than equivalents, as Celtic slingers were typically semi-regular combatants. 
     93  * Special: -. 
     94 
     95=== CAVALRY === 
     96 
     97 * Name: Epos 
     98  * Class: Cavalry Swordsman. 
     99  * Hacker Armament: Long Sword. 
     100  * Appearance: 
     101   * Garb: 
     102     Basic – Shirtless with trousers. 
     103     Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
     104     Elite – Trousers (bright colours), shirt of mail.  
     105   * Helmet: 
     106     Basic – No helmet. 
     107     Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
     108     Elite – Celtic helmet. 
     109   * Shield:  
     110     Basic – Round. 
     111     Advanced – Round. 
     112     Elite – Round. 
     113   * Figure(s): Use the shirtless pants model for the basic, tunic trousers model for advanced, armor and trousers model for the Ultimate. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck in advanced and Ultimate. Soft leather shoes, not boots. Basic could also have long hair.  
     114   * Mount: Typical head gear, 4 horned saddle, no stirrups, severed heads hanging off the saddle in Ultimate status. 
     115  * History: Owning a horse was a sign of aristocracy. Although the primary unit in the Celtic army was the infantry, they had great respect for their horses. They honoured their speed and their bravery. They actually assigned two warriors to one horse. When one warrior was tired in battle, they would run back to camp and the other warrior would get on and go fight. Another method was to take their mount and tether it to a stake in the ground then go fight on foot and run back to their horse when they needed to flee. They fought as mercenaries in the Punic wars. Primarily used in ambushes and hit and run tactics. After the fall of Gaul, the Romans used the Gallic warriors and horses to greatly strengthen their army. - Only a minor change here; horse ownership was far more common than nobility. It's better to say aristocracy; not all Celtic aristocracy were nobles. Most were just very wealthy freemen, like powerful merchants or wealthy farmers with ignoble estates. 
     116  * Garrison: 2. 
     117  * Function: Average statistics, except slower speed – predecessor of the medieval knight. 
     118  * Special: Bonused vs. all infantry. 
     119 
     120 
     121 
     122 * Name: Coun 
     123  * Class: Cavalry Spearman.  
     124  * Hacker Armament: Teeth. 
     125  * Appearance: 
     126   * Garb:     
     127     Basic - No collar. 
     128     Advanced - Spiked collar. 
     129     Elite - Spiked collar. Body paint. 
     130   * Figure(s): Mastiff - Dog. 
     131  * History: Dogs in Celtic warfare varied in breed and size, but were of key use to Celts, especially in intertribal war, or warring with neighboring Germans. Most famous were the great mastiffs of Britain, eventually adopted by the Romans as a means to replace Molossian hounds and other such animals. To Celts, these animals were used to flush out ambushers, or disorder an enemy line, or run down missile troops, who could not run faster than the animals.  
     132  * Garrison: 2. 
     133  * Function: Fast moving unit. Cheap. Does well against cavalry. 
     134  * Special: Not able to capture female villagers. Bonused vs. wild animals.  
     135 
     136 
     137 
     138 * Name: Marcos  
     139  * Class: Cavalry Javelinist.  
     140  * Ranged Armament: Light Spear. 
     141  * Appearance:  
     142   * Garb:  
     143     Basic – Shirtless with trousers. 
     144    Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
     145    Elite – Trousers (bright colours), shirt of mail.  
     146   * Helmet: 
     147     Basic – No helmet. 
     148     Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
     149     Elite – Celtic helmet. 
     150   * Shield:  
     151     Basic – Round. 
     152     Advanced – Round. 
     153     Ultimate – Hex Dip. 
     154   * Mount: Typical head gear, 4 horned saddle, no stirrups, severed heads hanging off the saddle in Ultimate status. 
     155  * History: Celtic horsemen drawn from the lower classes or non-aristocratic warriors were usually not expected to engage in a direct melee while mounted. They would be used to harass enemy columns on the move, supply lines, or foragers, to hamstring enemy movements. This was shown to great effect against Julius Caesar in Britain, where the light British horsemen would harass his operations to forage and his supply. With his own Gallic horsemen stuck in Gaul due to weather, he could not effectively chase them off or prove much threat to these harriers. Their prime use, as such, is hit-and-run attacks, softening an enemy position for superior cavalry and infantry assaults. 
     156  * Garrison: 2. 
     157    * Function: Ranged cavalry unit. 
    42158* Special: - 
    43159 
    44 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...mages/ACB11.jpg 
    45  
    46 * Name: Baguada  
    47 * Class: Javelinist. 
    48 * Ranged Armament: Light Spear. 
    49 * Appearance: 
    50 - Garb:  
    51 Basic – Trousers and tunic (earth tones). 
    52 Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
    53 Ultimate – Trousers only (bright colours).  
    54 - Helmet: 
    55 Basic – No helmet. 
    56 Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
    57 Ultimate – Celtic helmet. 
    58 - Shield:  
    59 Basic – No shield. 
    60 Advanced – Round shield. 
    61 Ultimate – Oval shield. 
    62 - Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers model for basic and advanced, the shirtless trousers model for the Ultimate. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck optional in advanced and Ultimate. Soft leather shoes, not boots. Basic could also have long hair.  
    63 * History: Baguada means 'geurilla'; an irregular combatant. Skirmishers, raiders, pirates, etc., would fit under such a designation. Such men were extremely common in Celtic armies. While positions were best held by dedicated spearmen standing in an ordered line and wall, the duty of softening an enemy, and even breaking weaker enemy positions, such as militia, would go to men carrying huge numbers of additional javelins. So many javelins did Celts bring with them, they were said in at least one instance in Galatia to 'charge following a black shadow so great sunlight is emptied from the sky', a poetic description of the enormous number of missiles they would put into the air preceding their main attack.  
    64 * Garrison: 1. 
    65 * Function: The mainstay of the Celtic military. Moderate Cost, faster than normal training time, moderate armour, above average movement rate, moderate offense.  
    66 * Special: -. 
    67  
    68 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...images/ACB4.jpg  
    69  
    70 * Name: Iaosae  
    71 * Class: Slinger. 
    72 * Hacker Armament: Long knife or short sword 
    73 * Ranged Armament: Sling. 
    74 * Appearance: 
    75 - Garb:  
    76 Basic – Trousers only (earth tones). 
    77 Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
    78 Ultimate – Trousers and tunica with padded leather vest (bright colours).  
    79 - Helmet: 
    80 Basic – No helmet. 
    81 Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
    82 Ultimate – Celtic helmet. 
    83 - Shield:  
    84 Basic – No shield. 
    85 Advanced – Small rectangular shield. 
    86 Ultimate – Round shield. 
    87 - Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers model for basic and advanced, the shirtless trousers model for the Ultimate. Face would have a large moustache or be clean shaved. Torc around neck in advanced and Ultimate. Barefoot at first, then shoes or boots. Basic could also have long hair. 
    88 * History: Sling bullets are found in enormous numbers in Celtic sites, made of lead, though clay bullets would also have been used. Slings figure prominently in Celtic myth, and were not associated with any sense of shame. To the contrary, the great skill needed to use a sling well was highly rewarded and favored, so they found much more use in Celtic society for a ranged weapon than bows, outside of specific tribes. The god Lugos, in Irish myth Lug, is associated closely with many weapons, among them his sling. Slings were the primary weapon of Celtic hunters as well. In battle, men with slings would mainly be of the middle class, so better equipped than most slingers in other societies for melee. However, the heavy lead bullets so common to them makes their range shorter than average, compensated for by the puncture power of well-made bullets.  
    89 * Garrison: 1. 
    90 * Function: Range of the Celtic military. Higher than normal cost for slingers, moderate armour, above average movement rate, good offense, but slightly shorter than average range. Should be less disadvantaged in a melee than equivalents, as Celtic slingers were typically semi-regular combatants. 
    91 * Special: -. 
    92  
    93 ==CAVALRY==  
    94  
    95 * Name: Epos 
    96 * Class: Cavalry Swordsman. 
    97 * Hacker Armament: Long Sword. 
    98 * Appearance: 
    99 - Garb: 
    100 Basic – Shirtless with trousers. 
    101 Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
    102 Ultimate – Trousers (bright colours), shirt of mail.  
    103 - Helmet: 
    104 Basic – No helmet. 
    105 Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
    106 Ultimate – Celtic helmet. 
    107 - Shield:  
    108 Basic – Round. 
    109 Advanced – Round. 
    110 Ultimate – Round. 
    111 - Figure(s): Use the shirtless pants model for the basic, tunic trousers model for advanced, armor and trousers model for the Ultimate. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck in advanced and Ultimate. Soft leather shoes, not boots. Basic could also have long hair.  
    112 - Mount: Typical head gear, 4 horned saddle, no stirrups, severed heads hanging off the saddle in Ultimate status. 
    113 * History: Owning a horse was a sign of aristocracy. Although the primary unit in the Celtic army was the infantry, they had great respect for their horses. They honoured their speed and their bravery. They actually assigned two warriors to one horse. When one warrior was tired in battle, they would run back to camp and the other warrior would get on and go fight. Another method was to take their mount and tether it to a stake in the ground then go fight on foot and run back to their horse when they needed to flee. They fought as mercenaries in the Punic wars. Primarily used in ambushes and hit and run tactics. After the fall of Gaul, the Romans used the Gallic warriors and horses to greatly strengthen their army. - Only a minor change here; horse ownership was far more common than nobility. It's better to say aristocracy; not all Celtic aristocracy were nobles. Most were just very wealthy freemen, like powerful merchants or wealthy farmers with ignoble estates. 
    114 * Garrison: 2. 
    115 * Function: Average statistics, except slower speed – predecessor of the medieval knight. 
    116 * Special: Bonused vs. all infantry. 
    117  
    118 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ges/ACR412.html  
    119  
    120 * Name: Coun 
    121 * Class: Cavalry Spearman.  
    122 * Hacker Armament: Teeth. 
    123 * Appearance: 
    124 Basic - No collar. 
    125 Advanced - Spiked collar. 
    126 Ultimate - Spiked collar. Body paint. 
    127 - Figure(s): Mastiff - Dog. 
    128 * History: Dogs in Celtic warfare varied in breed and size, but were of key use to Celts, especially in intertribal war, or warring with neighboring Germans. Most famous were the great mastiffs of Britain, eventually adopted by the Romans as a means to replace Molossian hounds and other such animals. To Celts, these animals were used to flush out ambushers, or disorder an enemy line, or run down missile troops, who could not run faster than the animals.  
    129 * Garrison: 2. 
    130 * Function: Fast moving unit. Cheap. Does well against cavalry. 
    131 * Special: Not able to capture female villagers. Bonused vs. wild animals.  
    132  
    133 http://images.google.com/images?sourceid=n...UTF-8&q=mastiff 
    134  
    135 * Name: Marcos  
    136 * Class: Cavalry Javelinist.  
    137 * Ranged Armament: Light Spear. 
    138 * Appearance:  
    139 - Garb:  
    140 Basic – Shirtless with trousers. 
    141 Advanced – Trousers and tunic (bright colours). 
    142 Ultimate – Trousers (bright colours), shirt of mail.  
    143 - Helmet: 
    144 Basic – No helmet. 
    145 Advanced – Limed spiky hair. 
    146 Ultimate – Celtic helmet. 
    147 - Shield:  
    148 Basic – Round. 
    149 Advanced – Round. 
    150 Ultimate – Hex Dip. 
    151 - Mount: Typical head gear, 4 horned saddle, no stirrups, severed heads hanging off the saddle in Ultimate status. 
    152 * History: Celtic horsemen drawn from the lower classes or non-aristocratic warriors were usually not expected to engage in a direct melee while mounted. They would be used to harass enemy columns on the move, supply lines, or foragers, to hamstring enemy movements. This was shown to great effect against Julius Caesar in Britain, where the light British horsemen would harass his operations to forage and his supply. With his own Gallic horsemen stuck in Gaul due to weather, he could not effectively chase them off or prove much threat to these harriers. Their prime use, as such, is hit-and-run attacks, softening an enemy position for superior cavalry and infantry assaults. 
    153 * Garrison: 2. 
    154 * Function: Ranged cavalry unit. 
    155 * Special: - 
    156 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ia_celtas2.html  
    157  
    158 ==SUPPORT UNITS==  
    159  
    160 * Name: Bodu  
    161 * Class: Female Citizen.  
    162 * Armament: None.  
    163 * Appearance: 
    164 - Garb: See image below.  
    165 - Helmet: N/A. 
    166 - Shield: N/A. 
    167 - Figure(s): See image below. 
    168 * History: Being a woman in Celtic society was remarkable better than any other social society at this time. Women were viewed largely as equals to men. The woman had control over every piece of property she owned as she came into marriage. If a man was a noble or king, it was also not uncommon for women to take leadership positions if the husband died. Celtic women were said to be fair to look upon, but also as strong as their husbands. Celtic men wealthy enough could have several 'wives', but only he and his 'chosen' wife held duties and rights. For example, children from any secondary spouse were cared for by the husband and his first wife, and the actual blood mother had no legal obligation to the child, since it was considered born of the union of the first two. - Mainly cut some things and modified stuff. Popular myth is that they ran homelife or that bloodlines went through them. The first, we have no proof of, but some to contrary. The second is flatly a myth; the only place among Celts we know bloodlines went through women was in Caledonia (and later, only in deciding lines of Scottish high kings in matrialinical tanistry; the lower kings (Mormaers) used traditional Irish succession, which was patrialinical tanistry). Elsewhere, patrialinical succession was used. Also added a bit on Celtic polygamy (though not everything I could; they had very complicated marriage laws). 
    169 * Garrison: 1. 
    170 * Function: - 
    171 * Special: Harder to capture. 
    172  
    173 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ges/ladie1.html  
    174 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...eltfemales.html  
    175  
    176 * Name: Druides  
    177 * Class: Healer.  
    178 * Appearance: 
    179 - Garb: White long tunic – with ornamental trim.  
    180 - Helmet: N/A. 
    181 - Shield: N/A. 
    182 - Figure(s): Should have an older appearance, staff in hand – Possibly add a hood (see image below). 
    183 * History: A druid may be one of many different professions; priest, historian, lawyer, judges, teachers, philosophers, poets, composers, musicians, astronomers, prophets, councillors, high craftsmen like a blacksmith, the classes of the 'men of art', and sometimes kings, chieftains, or other politicians. Druids were very hierarchal, with classes and ranks based on the length of their education and what fields they practiced. They learned their trades through mnemonics by way of poetry and songs, as writing was rarely used by Celts outside of prayers on votive objects, or lists of names for migratory records. 
    184 * Garrison: 1. 
    185 * Function: Medic. 
    186 * Special: - 
    187  
    188 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/.../celtdruid.html  
    189 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...aenula1jpg.html 
    190  
    191 * Name: Reros  
    192 * Class: Trader.  
    193 * Appearance: 
    194 - Garb: See below.  
    195 - Helmet: N/A. 
    196 - Shield: N/A. 
    197 - Figure(s): See below. 
    198 - Mount: That guy below would be walking beside a pack horse. 
    199 * History: Celtic merchants possessed a high place in society. While mainly ignoble, the very successful merchants often had a level of wealth that could challenge that of lower nobility. Many even had small private militias to defend their shops. Celtic merchants reached as far as India, and some of their coins even are found as far as west China. Wealth in Celtic society was paramount, and even nobles often had a cadre of merchants personally loyal to them, selling their goods, to keep them rich through various avenues. Key among what they sold to others would be slaves, sold in enormous numbers, as well as metalwork, weaponry, livestock, grain, salted meats, alcohol, linen, stone tiles, ore, gemstones, and wood. 
    200 * Garrison: 2. 
    201 * Function: Trading. 
    202 * Special: - 
    203  
    204 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ltbackpack.html  
    205  
    206 * Name: Curoca 
    207 * Class: Merchantman.  
    208 * Appearance:  
    209 - Shell: Small hide boat. 
    210 * History: These very small boats were used mainly for fishing, but they were also used to transport goods and personnel. The shell is wickerwork, covered with animal hides. The boat is round, and can close during a storm. They were used at times for boarding enemy ships, though such work was typically better left to larger all wood ships. Their resilience to ill sea conditions made them good for long travel, but their hide construction could be easily punctured by a weapon, explaining the rarity of their use in combat, even for boarding. 
    211 * Garrison: Cannot. 
    212 * Function: Transport, fast moving, low hit points. 
    213 * Special: Drop the capacity to 6; no fighting capabilities. 
    214  
    215 http://www.coracle-fishing.net/corac-pix/coraca19x.jpg  
    216  
    217 ==WAR SHIPS==  
    218  
    219 * Name: Venetic Pontone  
    220 * Class: Trireme.  
    221 * Appearance: 
    222 - Shell: Visually unknown – we just have this written description: "The Gauls’ [Veneti] ships were made with much flatter bottoms [than Roman ships] to help them ride shallow water caused by shoals or ebb tides. Exceptionally high bows and sterns fitted them for use in heavy seas and violent gales, and the hulls were made entirely of oak, to enable them to stand any amount of shock and rough usage. The cross-timbers, which consisted of beams a foot wide, were fastened with iron bolts as thick as a man’s thumb. The anchors were secured with chains instead of ropes. They used sails of raw hides or thin leather, either because they had no flax and were ignorant of its use, or more probably because they thought that ordinary sails would not stand the violent storms and squalls of the Atlantic and were not suitable for such heavy vessels … adapted for sailing such treacherous and stormy waters. We could not injure them by ramming because they were so solidly built, and their height made it difficult to reach them with missiles or board them with grappling irons. Moreover, when it began to blow hard and they were running before the wind, they weathered the storm more easily; they could bring in to shallow water with greater safety, and when left aground by the tide had nothing to fear from reefs or pointed rocks" – probably barge-like 
    223 * History: See the link below for more information.  
    224 * Garrison: Cannot. 
    225 * Function: Transport, slow moving, very very high hit points. 
    226 * Special: No fighting capabilities unless boarded by enemy ship. 
    227  
    228 http://www.ttforumfriends.com/roman%20cassius_dio.htm  
    229  
    230 ==SIEGE==  
    231  
    232 * Name: Brado 
    233 * Class: Land Ram.  
    234 * Appearance: 
    235 - Shell: Ram operated by 4 men with no covering. 
    236 * History: Celtic assaults on fortified positions were relegated largely to three methods. Creating a shell of shields and setting fire to gatehouses, sapping, at which they were noted as being most expert by Caesar, and rams, known only from votive inscriptions and some Celtic art. 
    237 * Garrison: 2. 
    238 * Function: Lower than normal hit points. 
    239 * Special: - 
    240  
    241 ==SUPER UNITS==  
    242  
    243 BRITONS 
    244  
    245 * Name: Delamokludda. 
    246 * Class: Super Infantry Unit.  
    247 * Hacker Armament: Longsword. 
    248 * Ranged Armament: None. 
    249 * Appearance: 
    250 - Garb: Long sleeve tunic, trousers wrapped in leather bands, corselet of chainmail. 
    251 - Helmet: Typical Celtic helmet varieties. 
    252 - Shield: N/A. 
    253 - Figure(s): Earth tone colours. 
    254 * History: Brythonic chieftains, much like their Gallic counterparts, went to battle with an elite force as their personal bodyguards. The Delamokludda were the older, more experienced Brythonic champions who wore chainmail due to their stature and wielded two-handed longswords made of iron. 
    255 * Garrison: 1. 
    256 * Function: Very high hack attack. High hack armour. Low HPs and low Pierce armour. Bonus vs. All Spear Units (infantry and cavalry). 
    257 * Special: - 
    258  
    259  
    260 * Name: Carbanto 
    261 * Class: Super Cavalry Unit.  
    262 * Hacker Armament: N/A. 
    263 * Ranged Armament: Javelin. 
    264 * Appearance: 
    265 - Garb: Trousers only – highly painted body with blue paint  
    266 - Helmet: Celtic helmet. 
    267 - Shield: Long Oval. 
    268 - Mount: Two small ponies. 
    269 - Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers armour model. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck. Soft leather shoes, not boots. Add blue body paint - Woad. 
    270 * History: Chariots were employed by the Celts of the British Isle. They were noisy, and intimidating. They were used to attack in motion by running over people, and hurling javelins. However they also were used to quickly deliver and provide escape from the battle as a transport. They were also used to quickly move men to places in the battle line that were weak and losing momentum. The wheels of the chariot were ringed with seamless iron. Chariots saw use on the continent as well, but lesser. Their most notable continental use may have been at Telamon.  
    271 * Garrison: 4. 
    272 * Function: Fast. Ranged attack. 
    273 * Special: Would be cool if you could run people over… but I doubt it would be possible to implement in the game. 
    274  
    275  
    276 GAULS 
    277  
    278 * Name: Neitos 
    279 * Class: Swordsman.  
    280 * Hacker Armament: Long Sword.  
    281 * Appearance: 
    282 - Garb: Trousers (bright colours), shirt of mail.  
    283 - Helmet: Celtic helmet. 
    284 - Shield: Hex. 
    285 - Figure(s): Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck. Soft leather shoes, not boots.  
    286 * History: The sword among Celts varies in reputation and commonality. Shortswords, essentially truly just long, broad-bladed daggers, were common, but cheaply made, and most likely the swords refered to as bending after a hard strike, and needing bent back into place. The iron construction of longswords, such as used here, was greatly superior, but also much more expensive. The longsword was primarily a weapon of aristocracy and experienced professional soldiers, who could either afford the weapon, have it made for them by their lord as a reward for service, passed down to them by family, or looted from the field.  
    287 * Garrison: 1. 
    288 * Function: Moderate speed and cost. Equal in armour and stronger in attack than your average ultimage CS swordsman.  
    289 * Special: - 
    290  
    291 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...tstobattle1.jpg 
    292  
    293 * Name: Brihent 
    294 * Class: Super Cavalry Unit.  
    295 * Hacker Armament: Spear. 
    296 * Ranged Armament: N/A. 
    297 * Appearance: 
    298 - Garb: Trousers and mail shirt. 
    299 - Helmet: Celtic helmet. 
    300 - Shield: Dip. 
    301 - Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers armor model. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck. Soft leather shoes, not boots.  
    302 - Mount: Typical head gear, 4 horned saddle, no stirrups, severed heads hanging off the saddle in Ultimate status. 
    303 * History: In Gaul, we know of heavy cavalry, possibly predecessors to later knights. They used a Celtic lance overhand, a good shield, and wore good armor. Vercingetorix was famous for having a number of them, but their use long precedes him. Heavy Celtic horsemen are found in graves as early as the 600s, with scale coats. Later, with the advent of mail, their armor would largely change to this. They would be experienced, aristocratic or noblemen, or their retainers equipped in kind. Each man would probably have several personal attendants. Some would be powerful noblemen, such as chiefs and kings. In battle, they would be on par with much of the best heavy cavalry in western Europe, due to superior armor, such as mail armor with additional layers of mail over the vital organs, weapons such as high-quality iron spearheads, swords, and a thong of javelins, giving them versatility, and years of experience and training. Their historical use saw them capable of breaking even well-defended positions, or acting to great effect in flanking manuevers. 
    304 * Garrison: 2. 
    305 * Function: Costly. Strong Armour. Strong Attack. 
    306 * Special: - 
    307  
    308 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...BC_DM90-01.html  
    309  
    310 ==HEROES==  
    311  
    312 GALLIC 
    313  
    314 * Name: Britomartus. 
    315 * Class: Hero1.  
    316 * Hacker Armament: Heavy Spear 
    317 * Appearance: 
    318 - Garb: rich and lavished. 
    319 - Helmet: ‘horned’ bronze helmet. 
    320 - Shield: bronzed ornamental/ceremonial shield 
    321 - Figure(s): hero/capped mesh. 
    322 - Mount: NA 
    323 * History: The story of how Marcus Claudius Marcellus killed a Gallic leader at Clastidium (222 BC) is typical of such encounters. Advancing with a smallish army, Marcellus met a combined force of Insubrian Gauls and Gaesatae at Clastidium. The Gallic army advanced with the usual rush and terrifying cries, and their king, Britomartus, picking out Marcellus by means of his badges of rank, made for him, shouting a challenge and brandishing his spear. Britomartus was an outstanding figure not only for his size but also for his adornments; for he was resplendent in bright colours and his armour shone with gold and silver. This armour, thought Marcellus, would be a fitting offering to the gods. He charged the Gaul, pierced his bright breastplate and cast him to the ground. It was an easy task to kill Britomartus and strip him of his armour.  
    324 * Garrison: 1. 
    325 * Function: Infantry Spearman 
    326 * Special: 
    327 - "Hero" Aura TBD 
    328  
    329 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...nia_celtas3.jpg 
    330 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/..._1-BC_SGF33.jpg 
    331 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...it_Chieftan.jpg 
    332 ^Like that guy, but with a spear. 
    333  
    334 * Name: Brennus. 
    335 * Class: Hero2.  
    336 * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Long Sword. 
    337 * Appearance: 
    338 - Garb: ’old’ celtic look.  
    339 - Helmet: plumed heavy helmet. 
    340 - Shield: none 
    341 - Figure(s): hero/capped mesh. 
    342 - Mount: NA 
    343 * History: Brennus is the name which the Roman historians give to the famous leader of the Gauls who took Rome in the time of Camillus. According to Geoffrey, the brothers invaded Gaul and sacked Rome in 390 B.C., "proving" that Britons had conquered Rome, the greatest civilization in the world, long before Rome conquered the Britons. We know from many ancient sources which predate Geoffrey that Rome was indeed sacked in 390 B.C., and that the raid was led by a man named Brennus, but he and his invading horde were Gallic, not British. In this episode several features of Geoffrey's editing method can be seen: he modified the historical Brennus, created the brother Belinus, borrowed the Gallic invasion, but omitted the parts where the Gauls seemed weak or foolish. His technique is both additive and subtractive. Like the tale of Trojan origin, the story of the sack of Rome is not pure fabrication; it is a creative rearrangement of the available facts, with details added as necessary. By virtue of their historical association, Beli and Bran are often muddled with the earlier brothers Belinus and Brennus (the sons of Porrex) who contended for power in northern Britain in around 390 BC, and were regarded as gods in old Celtic tradition.  
    344 * Garrison: 1. 
    345 * Function: Infantry Swordsman 
    346 * Special: 
    347 - "Hero" Aura TBD 
    348  
    349 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...images/3714.jpg 
    350 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ages/celts3.jpg 
    351 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ral_Europe_.jpg 
    352 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...es/celtas8.html 
    353  
    354 * Name: Vercingetorix. 
    355 * Class: Hero3.  
    356 * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Long Sword. 
    357 * Appearance: 
    358 - Garb: Chain male, pants, huge mustache. 
    359 - Helmet: None 
    360 - Shield: None 
    361 - Figure(s): hero/caped mesh. 
    362 - Mount: 4 horned saddle, heads hanging off harness. 
    363 * History: http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/encyclopaedia_...cingetorix.html  
    364 * Garrison: 2. 
    365 * Function: Cavalry Swordsman 
    366 * Special: 
    367 - "Hero" Aura TBD 
    368  
    369 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ngetorix-02.jpg 
    370 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ges/celtas6.jpg 
    371 ^That horse 
    372  
    373 BRITON 
    374  
    375 * Name: Caratacos 
    376 * Class: Hero1.  
    377 * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Stout Spear. 
    378 * Appearance:  
    379 - Garb: padded leather armor, older looking 
    380 - Helmet: plumed helmet. 
    381 - Shield: Hex Shield 
    382 - Figure(s): hero/capped mesh. 
    383 - Mount: NA 
    384 * History: Caractacus, the Roman form, is a simple change from Caratacos, his actual name, which was printed on his many, many coins. Under this name he is remembered as a fierce defender of Britain against the Romans after their invasion in 43 AD. Son of King Cunobelin of the Catuvellauni tribe, Caratacos fought for nine years against the Romans with little success, eventually fleeing to the tribes in Wales, where he was defeated decisively. Finally he entered Northern Britain, where was handed over to the Romans. Taken to Rome, Caratacos was allowed to live by the Emperor Claudius and died in Italy. Tradition states he converted to Christianity when his wife did, but there is nothing known of this as definite. Probably more notable is the matter that he was allowed to live once captured. Roman policy was typically to have such men killed in public displays to celebrate. Caratacos was brought before the Emperor and Senate at his request to explain himself. What he said is not known for certainty, but Tacitus applies to him a famous speech;  
     160 
     161=== SUPPORT UNITS === 
     162 
     163 * Name: Bodu  
     164  * Class: Female Citizen.  
     165  * Armament: None.  
     166  * Appearance: 
     167   * Garb: See image below.  
     168   * Helmet: N/A. 
     169   * Shield: N/A. 
     170   * Figure(s): See image below. 
     171  * History: Being a woman in Celtic society was remarkable better than any other social society at this time. Women were viewed largely as equals to men. The woman had control over every piece of property she owned as she came into marriage. If a man was a noble or king, it was also not uncommon for women to take leadership positions if the husband died. Celtic women were said to be fair to look upon, but also as strong as their husbands. Celtic men wealthy enough could have several 'wives', but only he and his 'chosen' wife held duties and rights. For example, children from any secondary spouse were cared for by the husband and his first wife, and the actual blood mother had no legal obligation to the child, since it was considered born of the union of the first two. - Mainly cut some things and modified stuff. Popular myth is that they ran homelife or that bloodlines went through them. The first, we have no proof of, but some to contrary. The second is flatly a myth; the only place among Celts we know bloodlines went through women was in Caledonia (and later, only in deciding lines of Scottish high kings in matrialinical tanistry; the lower kings (Mormaers) used traditional Irish succession, which was patrialinical tanistry). Elsewhere, patrialinical succession was used. Also added a bit on Celtic polygamy (though not everything I could; they had very complicated marriage laws). 
     172  * Garrison: 1. 
     173  * Function: - 
     174  * Special: Harder to capture. 
     175 
     176 
     177 
     178 * Name: Druides  
     179  * Class: Healer.  
     180  * Appearance: 
     181   * Garb: White long tunic – with ornamental trim.  
     182   * Helmet: N/A. 
     183   * Shield: N/A. 
     184   * Figure(s): Should have an older appearance, staff in hand – Possibly add a hood (see image below). 
     185  * History: A druid may be one of many different professions; priest, historian, lawyer, judges, teachers, philosophers, poets, composers, musicians, astronomers, prophets, councillors, high craftsmen like a blacksmith, the classes of the 'men of art', and sometimes kings, chieftains, or other politicians. Druids were very hierarchal, with classes and ranks based on the length of their education and what fields they practiced. They learned their trades through mnemonics by way of poetry and songs, as writing was rarely used by Celts outside of prayers on votive objects, or lists of names for migratory records. 
     186  * Garrison: 1. 
     187  * Function: Medic. 
     188  * Special: - 
     189 
     190 
     191 
     192 * Name: Reros  
     193  * Class: Trader.  
     194  * Appearance: 
     195   * Garb: See below.  
     196   * Helmet: N/A. 
     197   * Shield: N/A. 
     198   * Figure(s): See below. 
     199   * Mount: That guy below would be walking beside a pack horse. 
     200  * History: Celtic merchants possessed a high place in society. While mainly ignoble, the very successful merchants often had a level of wealth that could challenge that of lower nobility. Many even had small private militias to defend their shops. Celtic merchants reached as far as India, and some of their coins even are found as far as west China. Wealth in Celtic society was paramount, and even nobles often had a cadre of merchants personally loyal to them, selling their goods, to keep them rich through various avenues. Key among what they sold to others would be slaves, sold in enormous numbers, as well as metalwork, weaponry, livestock, grain, salted meats, alcohol, linen, stone tiles, ore, gemstones, and wood. 
     201  * Garrison: 2. 
     202  * Function: Trading. 
     203  * Special: - 
     204 
     205 
     206 * Name: Curoca 
     207  * Class: Merchantman.  
     208  * Appearance:  
     209   * Shell: Small hide boat. 
     210  * History: These very small boats were used mainly for fishing, but they were also used to transport goods and personnel. The shell is wickerwork, covered with animal hides. The boat is round, and can close during a storm. They were used at times for boarding enemy ships, though such work was typically better left to larger all wood ships. Their resilience to ill sea conditions made them good for long travel, but their hide construction could be easily punctured by a weapon, explaining the rarity of their use in combat, even for boarding. 
     211  * Garrison: Cannot. 
     212  * Function: Transport, fast moving, low hit points. 
     213  * Special: Drop the capacity to 6; no fighting capabilities. 
     214 
     215 
     216=== WAR SHIPS === 
     217 
     218 * Name: Venetic Pontone  
     219  * Class: Trireme.  
     220  * Appearance: 
     221  * Shell: Visually unknown – we just have this written description: "The Gauls’ [Veneti] ships were made with much flatter bottoms [than Roman ships] to help them ride shallow water caused by shoals or ebb tides. Exceptionally high bows and sterns fitted them for use in heavy seas and violent gales, and the hulls were made entirely of oak, to enable them to stand any amount of shock and rough usage. The cross-timbers, which consisted of beams a foot wide, were fastened with iron bolts as thick as a man’s thumb. The anchors were secured with chains instead of ropes. They used sails of raw hides or thin leather, either because they had no flax and were ignorant of its use, or more probably because they thought that ordinary sails would not stand the violent storms and squalls of the Atlantic and were not suitable for such heavy vessels … adapted for sailing such treacherous and stormy waters. We could not injure them by ramming because they were so solidly built, and their height made it difficult to reach them with missiles or board them with grappling irons. Moreover, when it began to blow hard and they were running before the wind, they weathered the storm more easily; they could bring in to shallow water with greater safety, and when left aground by the tide had nothing to fear from reefs or pointed rocks" – probably barge-like 
     222  * History: See the link below for more information.  
     223  * Garrison: Cannot. 
     224  * Function: Transport, slow moving, very very high hit points. 
     225  * Special: No fighting capabilities unless boarded by enemy ship. 
     226 
     227 
     228=== SIEGE === 
     229 
     230 * Name: Brado 
     231  * Class: Land Ram.  
     232  * Appearance: 
     233   * Shell: Ram operated by 4 men with no covering. 
     234  * History: Celtic assaults on fortified positions were relegated largely to three methods. Creating a shell of shields and setting fire to gatehouses, sapping, at which they were noted as being most expert by Caesar, and rams, known only from votive inscriptions and some Celtic art. 
     235  * Garrison: 2. 
     236  * Function: Lower than normal hit points. 
     237  * Special: - 
     238 
     239=== SUPER UNITS === 
     240 
     241==== BRITONS ==== 
     242 
     243 * Name: Delamokludda. 
     244  * Class: Super Infantry Unit.  
     245  * Hacker Armament: Longsword. 
     246  * Ranged Armament: None. 
     247  * Appearance: 
     248   * Garb: Long sleeve tunic, trousers wrapped in leather bands, corselet of chainmail. 
     249   * Helmet: Typical Celtic helmet varieties. 
     250   * Shield: N/A. 
     251   * Figure(s): Earth tone colours. 
     252  * History: Brythonic chieftains, much like their Gallic counterparts, went to battle with an elite force as their personal bodyguards. The Delamokludda were the older, more experienced Brythonic champions who wore chainmail due to their stature and wielded two-handed longswords made of iron. 
     253  * Garrison: 1. 
     254  * Function: Very high hack attack. High hack armour. Low HPs and low Pierce armour. Bonus vs. All Spear Units (infantry and cavalry). 
     255  * Special: - 
     256 
     257 
     258 * Name: Carbanto 
     259  * Class: Super Cavalry Unit.  
     260  * Hacker Armament: N/A. 
     261  * Ranged Armament: Javelin. 
     262  * Appearance: 
     263   * Garb: Trousers only – highly painted body with blue paint  
     264   * Helmet: Celtic helmet. 
     265   * Shield: Long Oval. 
     266   * Mount: Two small ponies. 
     267   * Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers armour model. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck. Soft leather shoes, not boots. Add blue body paint - Woad. 
     268  * History: Chariots were employed by the Celts of the British Isle. They were noisy, and intimidating. They were used to attack in motion by running over people, and hurling javelins. However they also were used to quickly deliver and provide escape from the battle as a transport. They were also used to quickly move men to places in the battle line that were weak and losing momentum. The wheels of the chariot were ringed with seamless iron. Chariots saw use on the continent as well, but lesser. Their most notable continental use may have been at Telamon.  
     269  * Garrison: 4. 
     270  * Function: Fast. Ranged attack. 
     271  * Special: Would be cool if you could run people over… but I doubt it would be possible to implement in the game. 
     272 
     273 
     274==== GAULS ==== 
     275 
     276 * Name: Neitos 
     277  * Class: Swordsman.  
     278  * Hacker Armament: Long Sword.  
     279  * Appearance: 
     280   * Garb: Trousers (bright colours), shirt of mail.  
     281   * Helmet: Celtic helmet. 
     282   * Shield: Hex. 
     283   * Figure(s): Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck. Soft leather shoes, not boots.  
     284  * History: The sword among Celts varies in reputation and commonality. Shortswords, essentially truly just long, broad-bladed daggers, were common, but cheaply made, and most likely the swords refered to as bending after a hard strike, and needing bent back into place. The iron construction of longswords, such as used here, was greatly superior, but also much more expensive. The longsword was primarily a weapon of aristocracy and experienced professional soldiers, who could either afford the weapon, have it made for them by their lord as a reward for service, passed down to them by family, or looted from the field.  
     285  * Garrison: 1. 
     286  * Function: Moderate speed and cost. Equal in armour and stronger in attack than your average ultimage CS swordsman.  
     287  * Special: - 
     288 
     289 
     290 
     291 * Name: Brihent 
     292  * Class: Super Cavalry Unit.  
     293  * Hacker Armament: Spear. 
     294  * Ranged Armament: N/A. 
     295  * Appearance: 
     296   * Garb: Trousers and mail shirt. 
     297   * Helmet: Celtic helmet. 
     298   * Shield: Dip. 
     299   * Figure(s): Use the tunic trousers armor model. Face would either be bearded or have a large moustache. Torc around neck. Soft leather shoes, not boots.  
     300   * Mount: Typical head gear, 4 horned saddle, no stirrups, severed heads hanging off the saddle in Ultimate status. 
     301  * History: In Gaul, we know of heavy cavalry, possibly predecessors to later knights. They used a Celtic lance overhand, a good shield, and wore good armor. Vercingetorix was famous for having a number of them, but their use long precedes him. Heavy Celtic horsemen are found in graves as early as the 600s, with scale coats. Later, with the advent of mail, their armor would largely change to this. They would be experienced, aristocratic or noblemen, or their retainers equipped in kind. Each man would probably have several personal attendants. Some would be powerful noblemen, such as chiefs and kings. In battle, they would be on par with much of the best heavy cavalry in western Europe, due to superior armor, such as mail armor with additional layers of mail over the vital organs, weapons such as high-quality iron spearheads, swords, and a thong of javelins, giving them versatility, and years of experience and training. Their historical use saw them capable of breaking even well-defended positions, or acting to great effect in flanking manuevers. 
     302  * Garrison: 2. 
     303  * Function: Costly. Strong Armour. Strong Attack. 
     304  * Special: - 
     305 
     306 
     307 
     308=== HEROES === 
     309 
     310===== GALLIC ==== 
     311 
     312 * Name: Britomartus. 
     313  * Class: Hero1.  
     314  * Hacker Armament: Heavy Spear 
     315  * Appearance: 
     316   * Garb: rich and lavished. 
     317   * Helmet: ‘horned’ bronze helmet. 
     318   * Shield: bronzed ornamental/ceremonial shield 
     319   * Figure(s): hero/capped mesh. 
     320   * Mount: NA 
     321  * History: The story of how Marcus Claudius Marcellus killed a Gallic leader at Clastidium (222 BC) is typical of such encounters. Advancing with a smallish army, Marcellus met a combined force of Insubrian Gauls and Gaesatae at Clastidium. The Gallic army advanced with the usual rush and terrifying cries, and their king, Britomartus, picking out Marcellus by means of his badges of rank, made for him, shouting a challenge and brandishing his spear. Britomartus was an outstanding figure not only for his size but also for his adornments; for he was resplendent in bright colours and his armour shone with gold and silver. This armour, thought Marcellus, would be a fitting offering to the gods. He charged the Gaul, pierced his bright breastplate and cast him to the ground. It was an easy task to kill Britomartus and strip him of his armour.  
     322  * Garrison: 1. 
     323  * Function: Infantry Spearman 
     324  * Special: 
     325   * "Hero" Aura TBD 
     326 
     327 
     328 * Name: Brennus. 
     329  * Class: Hero2.  
     330  * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Long Sword. 
     331  * Appearance: 
     332   * Garb: ’old’ celtic look.  
     333   * Helmet: plumed heavy helmet. 
     334   * Shield: none 
     335   * Figure(s): hero/capped mesh. 
     336   * Mount: NA 
     337  * History: Brennus is the name which the Roman historians give to the famous leader of the Gauls who took Rome in the time of Camillus. According to Geoffrey, the brothers invaded Gaul and sacked Rome in 390 B.C., "proving" that Britons had conquered Rome, the greatest civilization in the world, long before Rome conquered the Britons. We know from many ancient sources which predate Geoffrey that Rome was indeed sacked in 390 B.C., and that the raid was led by a man named Brennus, but he and his invading horde were Gallic, not British. In this episode several features of Geoffrey's editing method can be seen: he modified the historical Brennus, created the brother Belinus, borrowed the Gallic invasion, but omitted the parts where the Gauls seemed weak or foolish. His technique is both additive and subtractive. Like the tale of Trojan origin, the story of the sack of Rome is not pure fabrication; it is a creative rearrangement of the available facts, with details added as necessary. By virtue of their historical association, Beli and Bran are often muddled with the earlier brothers Belinus and Brennus (the sons of Porrex) who contended for power in northern Britain in around 390 BC, and were regarded as gods in old Celtic tradition.  
     338  * Garrison: 1. 
     339  * Function: Infantry Swordsman 
     340  * Special: 
     341   * "Hero" Aura TBD 
     342 
     343 
     344 * Name: Vercingetorix. 
     345  * Class: Hero3.  
     346  * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Long Sword. 
     347  * Appearance: 
     348   * Garb: Chain male, pants, huge mustache. 
     349   * Helmet: None 
     350   * Shield: None 
     351   * Figure(s): hero/caped mesh. 
     352   * Mount: 4 horned saddle, heads hanging off harness. 
     353  * History: http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/encyclopaedia_...cingetorix.html  
     354  * Garrison: 2. 
     355  * Function: Cavalry Swordsman 
     356  * Special: 
     357   * "Hero" Aura TBD 
     358 
     359 
     360 
     361==== BRITON ==== 
     362 
     363 * Name: Caratacos 
     364  * Class: Hero1.  
     365  * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Stout Spear. 
     366  * Appearance:  
     367   * Garb: padded leather armor, older looking 
     368   * Helmet: plumed helmet. 
     369   * Shield: Hex Shield 
     370   * Figure(s): hero/capped mesh. 
     371   * Mount: NA 
     372  * History: Caractacus, the Roman form, is a simple change from Caratacos, his actual name, which was printed on his many, many coins. Under this name he is remembered as a fierce defender of Britain against the Romans after their invasion in 43 AD. Son of King Cunobelin of the Catuvellauni tribe, Caratacos fought for nine years against the Romans with little success, eventually fleeing to the tribes in Wales, where he was defeated decisively. Finally he entered Northern Britain, where was handed over to the Romans. Taken to Rome, Caratacos was allowed to live by the Emperor Claudius and died in Italy. Tradition states he converted to Christianity when his wife did, but there is nothing known of this as definite. Probably more notable is the matter that he was allowed to live once captured. Roman policy was typically to have such men killed in public displays to celebrate. Caratacos was brought before the Emperor and Senate at his request to explain himself. What he said is not known for certainty, but Tacitus applies to him a famous speech;  
    385373 
    386374"If the degree of my nobility and fortune had been matched by moderation in success, I would have come to this City as a friend rather than a captive, nor would you have disdained to receive with a treaty of peace one sprung from brilliant ancestors and commanding a great many nations. But my present lot, disfiguring as it is for me, is magnificent for you. I had horses, men, arms, and wealth: what wonder if I was unwilling to lose them? If you wish to command everyone, does it really follow that everyone should accept your slavery? If I were now being handed over as one who had surrendered immediately, neither my fortune nor your glory would have achieved brilliance. It is also true that in my case any reprisal will be followed by oblivion. On the other hand, if you preserve me safe and sound, I shall be an eternal example of your clemency." 
    387 * Garrison: 1. 
    388 * Function: Infantry Spearman 
    389 * Special: 
    390 - "Hero" Aura TBD 
    391  
    392 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...f_bibeyran1.jpg 
    393 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ish_celtas4.jpg 
    394  
    395 * Name: Cunobelin 
    396 * Class: Hero2.  
    397 * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Sword 
    398 * Appearance:  
    399 - Garb: Colorful clothing, gold neck torc, with cloak. 
    400 - Helmet: Ornate Celtic helmet 
    401 - Shield: Oval 
    402 - Figure(s): Should probably look more like a very rich swordsman. 
    403 - Mount: NA 
    404 * History: Cunobelin was a powerful ruler centered in the territory around modern day Colchester. Ruling the Catuvellauni from Camulodunum, he was a warrior king who conquered a neighboring tribe, he Trinovantes, and was referred to by the Romans as the King of the Britons. The Trinovantes, while having been Roman allies, were not able to call for Roman aide, as they were conquered shortly after the Roman's own disaster in Germania. Cunobelin died of disease after subjugating the great majority of the southern half of Britain (his coins were being minted as far as the borders of what would become Wales). When he died, his son Togdumnos replaced him, who died in battle with the Romans, and was subsequently replaced by his brother, Caratacos. It is an irony that it was his third son that initially invited this Roman reprisal. Cunobelin seems to have been indifferent to the Romans. He traded with them freely, but had few qualms subjugating known Roman allies, and even sent Adminius as a fosterling to be educated in Roman Gaul. This accounted for Adminius's friendships among the Romans, and he was given lordship over the Cantaci, who inhabited Kent, by his father. This area was the prime area of Roman influence and trade in Britain, and he shrewdly observed his youngest son's friendship with powerful Roman and Gallo-Roman politicians and traders would be of use administrating the region. His other sons though had no love for the Romans, and when Cunobelin died, Togdumnos, now king, arrested, executed, or expelled numerous Roman sympathizers, including his own brother Adminius, and the deposed Atrebates king, Verica, who appealed to their connections in the Roman Empire for aide in recovering their lands. Cunobelin in his own time though was possibly one of the greatest of all British kings. He conquered huge portions of land from originally ruling over only four minor tribes in a confederation, the Catuvellauni, and achieved recognition as king of Britain. This recognition was so great that tribes in Cambria even came to assist his sons against the Romans and their British allies, and Cunobelin was held up by the post-Roman Britons as one of their great heroes; a conqueror and uniter of petty kingdoms, something the post-Roman Britons sorely needed. 
    405 * Garrison: 1. 
    406 * Function: Infantry Swordsman 
    407 * Special: 
    408 - "Hero" Aura TBD 
    409  
    410 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ges/patrick.jpg 
    411  
    412 * Name: Boudicca. 
    413 * Class: Hero3.  
    414 * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Light Spear 
    415 * Appearance: 
    416 - Garb: Dress, Red hair, Leather armor.  
    417 - Helmet: None. 
    418 - Shield: None. 
    419 - Figure(s): Female gown. 
    420 - Mount: Two white pony horses. 
    421 * History: Ammianus Marcellinus described how difficult it would be for a band of foreigners to deal with a Celt if he called in the help of his wife. For she was stronger than he was and could rain blows and kicks upon the assailants equal in force to the shots of a catapult. Boudicca, queen of the Iceni, was said to be 'very tall and terrifying in appearance; her voice was very harsh and a great mass of red hair fell over her shoulders. She wore a tunic of many colours over which a thick cloak was fastened by a brooch. Boudicca had actually at first been a Roman ally, along with her husband, Prasutagus, king of the Iceni. Prasutagus had been a close Roman ally after a brief uprising, respected as being forethinking even by his former enemies, now allied Romans, and free to rule his kingdom as their native tradition dictated, except in one case. Prasutagus, realizing he was going to die, agreed upon a will with his wife and subordinates; his daughters would inherit the physical running of the territory, under Boudicca's stewardship until they were adults, and the Emperor of Rome would have overlordship, collecting taxes and being allowed to request military aide. Much the same situation as he already held. The problem lay in that the Romans did not recognize female heirs, and thus asserted, upon Prasutagus's death, that only the Emperor's claim to the kingdom of Icenia was valid. They further noted it was regular Roman practice to only allow a client kingdom to be independent for the lifetime of the initial king, such as had occured in Galatia. The Empire formally annexed the kingdom, and began extracting harsh taxes immediately, citing that Prasutagus was indebted to the Romans, having taken several loans during his lifetime that he had failed to repay. Boudicca's complaint about this treatment and the defiance of her deceased husband's will was met with brutality; Roman soldiers flogged her, and her daughters, only children, were raped. Boudicca and her subjects were infuriated at the disgrace done to their queen and the children. With the Roman governor of Britain engaged with the druids in Cambria, now Wales, Boudicca was able to attract more followers from outside the Iceni, as they were hardly the only British tribe growing rapidly disallusioned with the Romans. Boudicca and her army laid waste to three cities, routed a Roman legion, and called on the memory of Arminius, a German who had routed the Romans from his lands, and their own ancestors who had driven off Caesar near a century earlier. Boudicca was defeated by a major tactical blunder in the Battle of Watling Street, leading to much of her force being slaughtered as they could not withdraw to safety. Boudicca herself escaped, and then slew her daughters, and then herself, to avoid further shame at Roman hands. 
    422 * Garrison: 3. 
    423 * Function: Cavalry Javelinist. 
    424 * Special: 
    425 - "Hero" Aura TBD 
    426  
    427 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...mages/ACB10.jpg 
    428 ^The woman and the chariot. 
    429  
    430 NEW UNIT TRAITS 
    431  
    432 I don’t think I made anything new? 
    433  
    434 CIV CENTRE UNITS  
    435  
    436 * Melee Infantry: Neitos. 
    437 * Ranged Infantry: Baguda. 
    438 * Cavalry: Epos. 
    439  
    440 FORBIDDEN CLASSES 
    441  
    442 * Swordsman. 
    443 * Archer. 
    444 * Cavalry Archer. 
    445 * Bireme. 
    446 * Quinquereme. 
    447 * Onager. 
    448 * Lithibolos. 
    449  
    450 STRUCTURE DESCRIPTIONS 
     375  * Garrison: 1. 
     376  * Function: Infantry Spearman 
     377  * Special: 
     378   * "Hero" Aura TBD 
     379 
     380 
     381 * Name: Cunobelin 
     382  * Class: Hero2.  
     383  * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Sword 
     384  * Appearance:  
     385   * Garb: Colorful clothing, gold neck torc, with cloak. 
     386   * Helmet: Ornate Celtic helmet 
     387   * Shield: Oval 
     388   * Figure(s): Should probably look more like a very rich swordsman. 
     389   * Mount: NA 
     390  * History: Cunobelin was a powerful ruler centered in the territory around modern day Colchester. Ruling the Catuvellauni from Camulodunum, he was a warrior king who conquered a neighboring tribe, he Trinovantes, and was referred to by the Romans as the King of the Britons. The Trinovantes, while having been Roman allies, were not able to call for Roman aide, as they were conquered shortly after the Roman's own disaster in Germania. Cunobelin died of disease after subjugating the great majority of the southern half of Britain (his coins were being minted as far as the borders of what would become Wales). When he died, his son Togdumnos replaced him, who died in battle with the Romans, and was subsequently replaced by his brother, Caratacos. It is an irony that it was his third son that initially invited this Roman reprisal. Cunobelin seems to have been indifferent to the Romans. He traded with them freely, but had few qualms subjugating known Roman allies, and even sent Adminius as a fosterling to be educated in Roman Gaul. This accounted for Adminius's friendships among the Romans, and he was given lordship over the Cantaci, who inhabited Kent, by his father. This area was the prime area of Roman influence and trade in Britain, and he shrewdly observed his youngest son's friendship with powerful Roman and Gallo-Roman politicians and traders would be of use administrating the region. His other sons though had no love for the Romans, and when Cunobelin died, Togdumnos, now king, arrested, executed, or expelled numerous Roman sympathizers, including his own brother Adminius, and the deposed Atrebates king, Verica, who appealed to their connections in the Roman Empire for aide in recovering their lands. Cunobelin in his own time though was possibly one of the greatest of all British kings. He conquered huge portions of land from originally ruling over only four minor tribes in a confederation, the Catuvellauni, and achieved recognition as king of Britain. This recognition was so great that tribes in Cambria even came to assist his sons against the Romans and their British allies, and Cunobelin was held up by the post-Roman Britons as one of their great heroes; a conqueror and uniter of petty kingdoms, something the post-Roman Britons sorely needed. 
     391  * Garrison: 1. 
     392  * Function: Infantry Swordsman 
     393  * Special: 
     394   * "Hero" Aura TBD 
     395 
     396 
     397 
     398 * Name: Boudicca. 
     399  * Class: Hero3.  
     400  * Hacker/Ranged Armament: Light Spear 
     401  * Appearance: 
     402   * Garb: Dress, Red hair, Leather armor.  
     403   * Helmet: None. 
     404   * Shield: None. 
     405   * Figure(s): Female gown. 
     406   * Mount: Two white pony horses. 
     407  * History: Ammianus Marcellinus described how difficult it would be for a band of foreigners to deal with a Celt if he called in the help of his wife. For she was stronger than he was and could rain blows and kicks upon the assailants equal in force to the shots of a catapult. Boudicca, queen of the Iceni, was said to be 'very tall and terrifying in appearance; her voice was very harsh and a great mass of red hair fell over her shoulders. She wore a tunic of many colours over which a thick cloak was fastened by a brooch. Boudicca had actually at first been a Roman ally, along with her husband, Prasutagus, king of the Iceni. Prasutagus had been a close Roman ally after a brief uprising, respected as being forethinking even by his former enemies, now allied Romans, and free to rule his kingdom as their native tradition dictated, except in one case. Prasutagus, realizing he was going to die, agreed upon a will with his wife and subordinates; his daughters would inherit the physical running of the territory, under Boudicca's stewardship until they were adults, and the Emperor of Rome would have overlordship, collecting taxes and being allowed to request military aide. Much the same situation as he already held. The problem lay in that the Romans did not recognize female heirs, and thus asserted, upon Prasutagus's death, that only the Emperor's claim to the kingdom of Icenia was valid. They further noted it was regular Roman practice to only allow a client kingdom to be independent for the lifetime of the initial king, such as had occured in Galatia. The Empire formally annexed the kingdom, and began extracting harsh taxes immediately, citing that Prasutagus was indebted to the Romans, having taken several loans during his lifetime that he had failed to repay. Boudicca's complaint about this treatment and the defiance of her deceased husband's will was met with brutality; Roman soldiers flogged her, and her daughters, only children, were raped. Boudicca and her subjects were infuriated at the disgrace done to their queen and the children. With the Roman governor of Britain engaged with the druids in Cambria, now Wales, Boudicca was able to attract more followers from outside the Iceni, as they were hardly the only British tribe growing rapidly disallusioned with the Romans. Boudicca and her army laid waste to three cities, routed a Roman legion, and called on the memory of Arminius, a German who had routed the Romans from his lands, and their own ancestors who had driven off Caesar near a century earlier. Boudicca was defeated by a major tactical blunder in the Battle of Watling Street, leading to much of her force being slaughtered as they could not withdraw to safety. Boudicca herself escaped, and then slew her daughters, and then herself, to avoid further shame at Roman hands. 
     408  * Garrison: 3. 
     409  * Function: Cavalry Javelinist. 
     410  * Special: 
     411   * "Hero" Aura TBD 
     412 
     413=== NEW UNIT TRAITS === 
     414 
     415None 
     416 
     417=== CIV CENTRE UNITS === 
     418 
     419 * Melee Infantry: Neitos. 
     420 * Ranged Infantry: Baguda. 
     421 * Cavalry: Epos. 
     422 
     423=== FORBIDDEN CLASSES === 
     424 
     425 * Swordsman. 
     426 * Archer. 
     427 * Cavalry Archer. 
     428 * Bireme. 
     429 * Quinquereme. 
     430 * Onager. 
     431 * Lithibolos. 
     432 
     433== STRUCTURE DESCRIPTIONS == 
    451434 
    452435QUOTE 
     436{{{ 
    453437Note: From my research, the Celts didn’t have specific structures that performed a specific function. Typically the structure was joined with a house (such as a blacksmith, market, or barn). But, because we are going to have to take some historical liberties, we will have to ‘make up’ some structures to fit the template of the game 
    454  
    455 ==VILLAGE==  
    456  
    457 * Name: Briga  
    458 * Class: Civ Centre.  
    459 * History: Briga in the language of the Gauls and southern Britons meant both 'hill' and 'town'. This is not mere coincidence; Celtic towns were built on hills for natural defenses, enhanced by earthworks and walls. The center of the town was typically at the hilltop. It would be a dwelling for the local leader, as well as lodging for his servants, his small private armory, an audience hall for discussing matters; political, legal, military, and economic. 
    460  
    461 http://www.wildfiregames.com/0ad/pages/pic.../celtcolony.gif  
    462  
    463 * Name: Tekes 
    464 * Class: House.  
    465 * History: Celtic homes varied between round wattle and daub homes, common most in the British Isles and northern Iberia, and wood-and-stone longhouses. Later, large tenements and apartments were built. Within a city, houses would be of excellent quality, many having running water. Even the later tenements in cities, intended for poor laborers who worked within the walls, typically had a communal running water connection, all connected to a central cistern that collected rainwater, purified through a granite sieve. These were most common in Gaul, though, as Britain was typically several decades behind in the south, and even a century or more the further north one went, as far as Celtic development went. An underground cess system would also connect these homes, based on modern archaeological findings. However, this is only within the cities. Outside, people lived on maintained, permanent farming estates; small villages built around a powerful aristocrat or low noble's home, with people who worked his fields, or in local shops and businesses catering to the inhabitants of the estate. While in both city and farming village houses often had basements, here they would lack running water, and are often found near running water, or irrigated in streams through the village for ease of water collection and rubbish disposal. Each home typically has a small shrine, to pray to a local god, the spirits of the home, and to the souls of ancestors, as well as cups. If tradition maintained in Gaelic and Brythonic cultures, these were for offerings to spirits, giving them wine or beer in exchange for good fortune, or at least to not be tormented by the less friendly among them. In Gaul, homes would vary between one and five rooms on average, discluding the basement. Upscale homes of the non-aristocratic class may have been fortunate enough to have a kitchen. All would probably have a hearth or firepit, and some simple floor matresses. Beds, while known among Celts, were largely only for the very wealthy, as their construction often included finally crafted wood and metal. There would also be, based on iron bands, be two washtubs, one for bathing, one for clothing, and soap was a common property item, crafted and sold in huge amounts, used for both bathing and washing clothing. The common Celtic family would have a fairly good standard of living; most Celts ate a handsome portion of meat compared to most contemporary societies, even if it was just offal for slaves and 'serfs'. Beer and mead was common, and recent examination even finds 'branding', implying mass production of alcohols from various families and regions, meaning the market could easily have been saturated, making the cost low enough even for a family of debtors able to afford a good cask of beer from time to time. Pets were common among Celts, particularly dogs, who would sleep inside with the family. Livestock would not though, as occured in some medieval societies, as Celts were known to build large, communal barns for the safe-keeping of everyone in the village's livestock, except for the headman and his family, who had their own barns and fields for the private care of their livestock. 
     438}}} 
     439 
     440=== VILLAGE === 
     441 
     442 * Name: Briga  
     443  * Class: Civ Centre.  
     444  * History: Briga in the language of the Gauls and southern Britons meant both 'hill' and 'town'. This is not mere coincidence; Celtic towns were built on hills for natural defenses, enhanced by earthworks and walls. The center of the town was typically at the hilltop. It would be a dwelling for the local leader, as well as lodging for his servants, his small private armory, an audience hall for discussing matters; political, legal, military, and economic. 
     445 
     446 
     447 
     448 * Name: Tekes 
     449  * Class: House.  
     450  * History: Celtic homes varied between round wattle and daub homes, common most in the British Isles and northern Iberia, and wood-and-stone longhouses. Later, large tenements and apartments were built. Within a city, houses would be of excellent quality, many having running water. Even the later tenements in cities, intended for poor laborers who worked within the walls, typically had a communal running water connection, all connected to a central cistern that collected rainwater, purified through a granite sieve. These were most common in Gaul, though, as Britain was typically several decades behind in the south, and even a century or more the further north one went, as far as Celtic development went. An underground cess system would also connect these homes, based on modern archaeological findings. However, this is only within the cities. Outside, people lived on maintained, permanent farming estates; small villages built around a powerful aristocrat or low noble's home, with people who worked his fields, or in local shops and businesses catering to the inhabitants of the estate. While in both city and farming village houses often had basements, here they would lack running water, and are often found near running water, or irrigated in streams through the village for ease of water collection and rubbish disposal. Each home typically has a small shrine, to pray to a local god, the spirits of the home, and to the souls of ancestors, as well as cups. If tradition maintained in Gaelic and Brythonic cultures, these were for offerings to spirits, giving them wine or beer in exchange for good fortune, or at least to not be tormented by the less friendly among them. In Gaul, homes would vary between one and five rooms on average, discluding the basement. Upscale homes of the non-aristocratic class may have been fortunate enough to have a kitchen. All would probably have a hearth or firepit, and some simple floor matresses. Beds, while known among Celts, were largely only for the very wealthy, as their construction often included finally crafted wood and metal. There would also be, based on iron bands, be two washtubs, one for bathing, one for clothing, and soap was a common property item, crafted and sold in huge amounts, used for both bathing and washing clothing. The common Celtic family would have a fairly good standard of living; most Celts ate a handsome portion of meat compared to most contemporary societies, even if it was just offal for slaves and 'serfs'. Beer and mead was common, and recent examination even finds 'branding', implying mass production of alcohols from various families and regions, meaning the market could easily have been saturated, making the cost low enough even for a family of debtors able to afford a good cask of beer from time to time. Pets were common among Celts, particularly dogs, who would sleep inside with the family. Livestock would not though, as occured in some medieval societies, as Celts were known to build large, communal barns for the safe-keeping of everyone in the village's livestock, except for the headman and his family, who had their own barns and fields for the private care of their livestock. 
    466451http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...20Interior.html  
    467452 
    468 * Name: Simbalos 
    469 * Class: Farm Centre.  
    470 * History: Farming typically revolved around small hamlets and farmsteads with enclosed rectilinear fields - each having areas of pasture, farmland and wood. Ploughing became more efficient with the arrival of the iron share and a two field rotation was introduced; crops one year followed by a fallow that was grazed by livestock. This lead to surprisingly high yields and fuelled population growth. Storage of crops was either in pits or in raised stores and harvest was over several months - weeds, grain and then straw. Farms would be worked mainly by a combination of freemen who aren't on campaign, 'serfs', male and female, and a huge number of slaves. Nobles would not engage in this activity, as Celtic nobles and other 'sacred' classes were forbidden manual labor, unless it was for war, or was a 'high craft'. 
    471 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...s/29_copie.html  
    472  
    473 http://www.ukagriculture.com/countryside/h...mages/700bc.jpg 
    474  
    475 * Name: Varmo 
    476 * Class: Field.  
    477 * History: Wheat and barley were the main crops of the bronze age being grown for flour, straw, animal feed and malt for alcoholic drinks. Hay was grown for animal feed while straw was used for bedding, thatching and winter fodder. In the iron age, the range of crops grown had widened considerably since the early bronze age. Although the most important were wheat and barley, oats, tic beans, vetch, peas, rye, flax and fat hen were regularly grown. Celts also notably created many new strains of old crops, some now extinct, some still in use. Celts were excellent farmers, and the idea of them as savage barbarians has little bearing in many cases, farming particularly. Examining Celtic farming techniques, one finds a people who knew how to crossbreed strains, or enhance existing strains to adapt to new conditions. Celts particularly grew huge amounts of wheat, both as animal feed and for many breads they ate with their meals, or as entire meals combined, such as sausages and vegetables baked into bread, good for one on the move. A wealthy Celtic farmer could even potentially buy his way into nobility by selling his crops. Key to Celtic farming though were two classes. The Celtic equivalent of 'serfs' were not so constrained as later feudal equivalents, but were indebted to the farm's owner, and worked his fields to pay off these debts, which were increased by the farm's owner paying for their home, and a small pay for which the worker could buy necessities. The other would be slaves. Celtic slaves could not be harmed excessively, had to be fed, clothed, and housed, but could be traded as any other commodity, though while in service, they were paid, if only a tiny amount. Slaves' children would be 'part-slaves', and work the fields when grown enough, until they paid off their life price, then allowed free, though presumably most merely became serfs, and it'd be several more generations before they were freemen of the tribe. 
    478  
    479 * Name: Cavalidos 
    480 * Class: Corral.  
    481 * History: Woven fences made from coppicing which are the tender shoots regrown from the stool of a tree after you chop it. Bronze age: Cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. Cattle had always been important with pre-historic farmers but through the bronze age there was an increase in the importance of sheep and goats. These would have been kept for wool, milk and meat. The type of sheep were very similar to the Soay breed of today. Pigs and wild boar remains have been found in farmsteads. In the iron age: sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, poultry, geese and ducks. Horses were a new arrival in the farmsteads but they were not used for work so much as symbols of status. Most Celtic ranched equines were actually ponies. Large horses were for war or travel by established, wealthy people. Ponies were used for farming, as well as for war by the lower classes, who could not afford actual horses. Celts were also notable for crossbreeding 'similar' animals, creating the earliest mules in Europe, probably for farm labor and as pack animals. 
    482 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...ges/Image4.html  
    483  
    484 http://www.ukagriculture.com/countryside/h...de_history.html 
    485  
    486 * Name: Sengula 
    487 * Class: Resource Centre.  
    488 * History: In southern parts of the country, most of the wildwood had been cleared and given way to farming or coppice management. In northern parts, or where the ground was particularly unsuitable for agriculture, wildwood remained, but under constant threat. Land around the farmsteads was usually enclosed by hazel fencing or hedging. A major part of Celtic soldiery was derived by guards of stock buildings, barns, ranches, and fields. All of these were under threat from neighboring tribal raids, so trained combatants, not having wars to go to fight in, would work to guard them, and run off raiders. Further, these acted as doles during famines or wars. In a famous example of them being stretched between the two purposes, Vercingetorix retreated to Alesia, but their stores had been almost emptied to feed his army, and food was already scarce due to a poor season. The inability to provide food for the army and the city led to a terrible fate for the city's inhabitants, who were sent out to the Roman siegeworks, hoping to be taken by the Romans, possibly enslaved, but at least given food. The Romans left them to starve, hoping the defenders would reopen the gates, allowing an assault, but the Celts under Vercingetorix realized the plot, and they too left the non-combatants to starve to death. The soldiers were starved out before a second relief force could come to aide them due to the low stores, already earlier being bled so much, and Vercingetorix surrendered as to save them from the fate that had already met the citizens of Alesia. 
    489 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...pages/DA16.html  
    490  
    491 * Name: Tur 
    492 * Class: Wood Tower.  
    493 * History: Towers have a great mythic element in Celtic societies. Towers are found, fragmented as they may be, sometimes. The largest towers were the great caps to fortresses in Britain and Ireland, but towers are found in Celtic art on the continent. The most common were probably just to keep watch on places, as most remains are found along trade roads. 
    494 http://www.wildfiregames.com/0ad/pages/pic...icwoodtower.jpg  
    495  
    496 * Name: Visila (and gates should be Visidianos) 
    497 * Class: Wall.  
    498 * History: The Romans called this wall "Murus Gallicus". Translated, it means "Gaulish wall". It was extremely resistant to assault by battering ram. Julius Caesar described a type of wood and stone wall, known as a Murus Gallicus, in his account of the Gallic Wars. These walls were made of a stone wall filled with rubble, with wooden logs inside for stability. Caesar noted how the flexibility of the wood added to the strength of the fort in case of battering ram attack.  
    499 * Special: 
    500 - Turf Resistance: Higher resistance to Ram attacks, but more susceptible to ranged siege and fiery attacks than conventional stone walls. 
    501 - Bank Protection: Ranged units can walk up to the bank of the wall and attack from above, but without the protection of wall towers. Due to their limited range attacks, they will have to leave the safety of the base and and meet in the open any opponent attacking from a distance. 
    502  
    503 http://0ad.wildfiregames.com/~art/history/...s/celtwall.html 
    504  
    505 ==TOWN==  
    506  
    507 * Name: Nembalos 
    508 * Class: Port Centre.  
    509 * History: Major Celtic ports existed in Armorica, two in southern Britain, two in Ireland, and several in southern Gaul.  
    510  
    511 * Name: Nemeton 
    512 * Class: Health Centre.  
    513 * History: Celtic temples were complex affairs and seperate from hospitals and asylums. However, if this is meant to be a temple, the Gallic temple should appear similar to a Hellenic temple, but made of stone and oak wood, and wood pillars, but no walls, elevated about four feet off the ground, with a votive pool near it. A maintained grove would be within the complex as well, which would be fenced off and surrounded with a ditch. A maintained British temple was typically a round wood building with an opening in the center through which grew an oak or yew tree. 
    514  
    515 * Name: Amoridas 
    516 * Class: Military Centre.  
    517 * History: Figured to have it represent an armory; these were common, and not all Celts (truthfully, not even most) had to provide their own weapons. Just, they had to provide their own GOOD weapons and armor, but mass-produced spears and javelins and shields were distributed freely at need. 
    518  
    519 * Name: Merras Tekesa 
    520 * Class: Trade Centre.  
    521 * History: Efficient farming led to food surpluses and a developing social hierarchy through the period with administration and power centred on the hill forts. Trade would have been buoyant with Europe; exported corn, cattle hides, tin, gold and iron in exchange for wine and olive oil. The first coins appeared although they were more items of wealth and status than trade. There is evidence too of standardised pottery and this suggests that weights and measures were controlled to provide consistency in trade.  
    522  
    523 ==CITY==  
    524  
    525 BRITONS 
    526  
    527 * Name: Ovidos 
    528 * Class: Fortress.  
    529 * History: http://www.ospreyfortress.com/articles/brochs.htm  
    530  
    531 http://www.hunterian.gla.ac.uk/Archives/le...images/wall.jpg  
    532  
    533 GAULS 
    534  
    535 * Name: Oppidum 
    536 * Class: Fortress.  
    537 * History: Hill Fort section: http://www.ospreyfortress.com/articles/brochs.htm  
    538  
    539 SPECIAL STRUCTURES  
     453 * Name: Simbalos 
     454  * Class: Farm Centre.  
     455  * History: Farming typically revolved around small hamlets and farmsteads with enclosed rectilinear fields - each having areas of pasture, farmland and wood. Ploughing became more efficient with the arrival of the iron share and a two field rotation was introduced; crops one year followed by a fallow that was grazed by livestock. This lead to surprisingly high yields and fuelled population growth. Storage of crops was either in pits or in raised stores and harvest was over several months - weeds, grain and then straw. Farms would be worked mainly by a combination of freemen who aren't on campaign, 'serfs', male and female, and a huge number of slaves. Nobles would not engage in this activity, as Celtic nobles and other 'sacred' classes were forbidden manual labor, unless it was for war, or was a 'high craft'. 
     456 
     457 
     458 * Name: Varmo 
     459  * Class: Field.  
     460  * History: Wheat and barley were the main crops of the bronze age being grown for flour, straw, animal feed and malt for alcoholic drinks. Hay was grown for animal feed while straw was used for bedding, thatching and winter fodder. In the iron age, the range of crops grown had widened considerably since the early bronze age. Although the most important were wheat and barley, oats, tic beans, vetch, peas, rye, flax and fat hen were regularly grown. Celts also notably created many new strains of old crops, some now extinct, some still in use. Celts were excellent farmers, and the idea of them as savage barbarians has little bearing in many cases, farming particularly. Examining Celtic farming techniques, one finds a people who knew how to crossbreed strains, or enhance existing strains to adapt to new conditions. Celts particularly grew huge amounts of wheat, both as animal feed and for many breads they ate with their meals, or as entire meals combined, such as sausages and vegetables baked into bread, good for one on the move. A wealthy Celtic farmer could even potentially buy his way into nobility by selling his crops. Key to Celtic farming though were two classes. The Celtic equivalent of 'serfs' were not so constrained as later feudal equivalents, but were indebted to the farm's owner, and worked his fields to pay off these debts, which were increased by the farm's owner paying for their home, and a small pay for which the worker could buy necessities. The other would be slaves. Celtic slaves could not be harmed excessively, had to be fed, clothed, and housed, but could be traded as any other commodity, though while in service, they were paid, if only a tiny amount. Slaves' children would be 'part-slaves', and work the fields when grown enough, until they paid off their life price, then allowed free, though presumably most merely became serfs, and it'd be several more generations before they were freemen of the tribe. 
     461 
     462 * Name: Cavalidos 
     463  * Class: Corral.  
     464  * History: Woven fences made from coppicing which are the tender shoots regrown from the stool of a tree after you chop it. Bronze age: Cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. Cattle had always been important with pre-historic farmers but through the bronze age there was an increase in the importance of sheep and goats. These would have been kept for wool, milk and meat. The type of sheep were very similar to the Soay breed of today. Pigs and wild boar remains have been found in farmsteads. In the iron age: sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, poultry, geese and ducks. Horses were a new arrival in the farmsteads but they were not used for work so much as symbols of status. Most Celtic ranched equines were actually ponies. Large horses were for war or travel by established, wealthy people. Ponies were used for farming, as well as for war by the lower classes, who could not afford actual horses. Celts were also notable for crossbreeding 'similar' animals, creating the earliest mules in Europe, probably for farm labor and as pack animals. 
     465 
     466 
     467 * Name: Sengula 
     468  * Class: Resource Centre.  
     469  * History: In southern parts of the country, most of the wildwood had been cleared and given way to farming or coppice management. In northern parts, or where the ground was particularly unsuitable for agriculture, wildwood remained, but under constant threat. Land around the farmsteads was usually enclosed by hazel fencing or hedging. A major part of Celtic soldiery was derived by guards of stock buildings, barns, ranches, and fields. All of these were under threat from neighboring tribal raids, so trained combatants, not having wars to go to fight in, would work to guard them, and run off raiders. Further, these acted as doles during famines or wars. In a famous example of them being stretched between the two purposes, Vercingetorix retreated to Alesia, but their stores had been almost emptied to feed his army, and food was already scarce due to a poor season. The inability to provide food for the army and the city led to a terrible fate for the city's inhabitants, who were sent out to the Roman siegeworks, hoping to be taken by the Romans, possibly enslaved, but at least given food. The Romans left them to starve, hoping the defenders would reopen the gates, allowing an assault, but the Celts under Vercingetorix realized the plot, and they too left the non-combatants to starve to death. The soldiers were starved out before a second relief force could come to aide them due to the low stores, already earlier being bled so much, and Vercingetorix surrendered as to save them from the fate that had already met the citizens of Alesia. 
     470 
     471 
     472 * Name: Tur 
     473  * Class: Wood Tower.  
     474  * History: Towers have a great mythic element in Celtic societies. Towers are found, fragmented as they may be, sometimes. The largest towers were the great caps to fortresses in Britain and Ireland, but towers are found in Celtic art on the continent. The most common were probably just to keep watch on places, as most remains are found along trade roads. 
     475 
     476 
     477 * Name: Visila (and gates should be Visidianos) 
     478  * Class: Wall.  
     479  * History: The Romans called this wall "Murus Gallicus". Translated, it means "Gaulish wall". It was extremely resistant to assault by battering ram. Julius Caesar described a type of wood and stone wall, known as a Murus Gallicus, in his account of the Gallic Wars. These walls were made of a stone wall filled with rubble, with wooden logs inside for stability. Caesar noted how the flexibility of the wood added to the strength of the fort in case of battering ram attack.  
     480  * Special: 
     481   * Turf Resistance: Higher resistance to Ram attacks, but more susceptible to ranged siege and fiery attacks than conventional stone walls. 
     482   * Bank Protection: Ranged units can walk up to the bank of the wall and attack from above, but without the protection of wall towers. Due to their limited range attacks, they will have to leave the safety of the base and and meet in the open any opponent attacking from a distance. 
     483 
     484 
     485 
     486=== TOWN === 
     487 
     488 * Name: Nembalos 
     489  * Class: Port Centre.  
     490  * History: Major Celtic ports existed in Armorica, two in southern Britain, two in Ireland, and several in southern Gaul.  
     491 
     492 * Name: Nemeton 
     493  * Class: Health Centre.  
     494  * History: Celtic temples were complex affairs and seperate from hospitals and asylums. However, if this is meant to be a temple, the Gallic temple should appear similar to a Hellenic temple, but made of stone and oak wood, and wood pillars, but no walls, elevated about four feet off the ground, with a votive pool near it. A maintained grove would be within the complex as well, which would be fenced off and surrounded with a ditch. A maintained British temple was typically a round wood building with an opening in the center through which grew an oak or yew tree. 
     495 
     496 * Name: Amoridas 
     497  * Class: Military Centre.  
     498  * History: Figured to have it represent an armory; these were common, and not all Celts (truthfully, not even most) had to provide their own weapons. Just, they had to provide their own GOOD weapons and armor, but mass-produced spears and javelins and shields were distributed freely at need. 
     499 
     500 * Name: Merras Tekesa 
     501  * Class: Trade Centre.  
     502  * History: Efficient farming led to food surpluses and a developing social hierarchy through the period with administration and power centred on the hill forts. Trade would have been buoyant with Europe; exported corn, cattle hides, tin, gold and iron in exchange for wine and olive oil. The first coins appeared although they were more items of wealth and status than trade. There is evidence too of standardised pottery and this suggests that weights and measures were controlled to provide consistency in trade.  
     503 
     504=== CITY === 
     505 
     506==== BRITONS ==== 
     507 
     508 * Name: Ovidos 
     509  * Class: Fortress.  
     510  * History: http://www.ospreyfortress.com/articles/brochs.htm  
     511 
     512 
     513 
     514==== GAULS ==== 
     515 
     516 * Name: Oppidum 
     517  * Class: Fortress.  
     518  * History: Hill Fort section: http://www.ospreyfortress.com/articles/brochs.htm  
     519 
     520=== SPECIAL STRUCTURES === 
    540521 
    541522* Name: Melonas 
    … …  
    548529Celtic word for quern = brauon (rotary mill) 
    549530 
    550 NEW STRUCTURE TRAITS 
     531=== NEW STRUCTURE TRAITS === 
    551532 
    552533See Melonas.  
    553534 
    554 FORBIDDEN STRUCTURES 
    555  
    556 * Wall Tower. 
    557  
    558 CIV BONUSES  
    559  
    560 CB1  
    561 Name: Ardiosmanae 
    562 History: Represents Celtic farming methods. 
    563 Effect: Enhanced food gained from ranching and farming. 
    564  
    565 CB2  
    566 Name: Deas Celtica 
    567 History: Celtic religion and druidry inspired their warlike mindset. 
    568 Effect: Druids increase attack rates of soldiers near them slightly. 
    569  
    570 TEAM BONUS: 
    571  
    572 TB1  
    573 Name: Druides 
    574 History: Celtic druids had an organized religion that disseminated new advances and technology between even tribes at war with eachother. 
    575 Effect: Bonus to tech speed. 
    576  
    577 CIV WEAKNESSES 
     535=== FORBIDDEN STRUCTURES === 
     536 
     537 * Wall Tower. 
     538 
     539== CIV BONUSES == 
     540 
     541 * CB1  
     542  * Name: Ardiosmanae 
     543  * History: Represents Celtic farming methods. 
     544  * Effect: Enhanced food gained from ranching and farming. 
     545 
     546 * CB2  
     547  * Name: Deas Celtica 
     548  * History: Celtic religion and druidry inspired their warlike mindset. 
     549  * Effect: Druids increase attack rates of soldiers near them slightly. 
     550 
     551== TEAM BONUS: == 
     552 
     553 * TB1  
     554  * Name: Druides 
     555  * History: Celtic druids had an organized religion that disseminated new advances and technology between even tribes at war with eachother. 
     556  * Effect: Bonus to tech speed. 
     557 
     558== CIV WEAKNESSES == 
    578559 
    579560(none) 
    580561 
    581 TECHNOLOGIES  
    582  
    583 * Infantry: Celts were strong in melee, and short range. They do not have long range attacking such as a bow or a sling. This is due to the fact that Celts did not view attacking from a distance as honourable. They were skilled craftsmen, the first to advance Europe to the iron age, and they should have the techs to support that. Unit training time should be above average because of the perpetual lifestyle of war. Their armour should be weak, as they did not view armour as honourable in battle. Also it slowed them down and increased the chances of infection if wounded. Their movement rate should be above average. The Celts were huge in stature compared to most civs. They should have a bonus of strength in their attack. Infantry is the focal point of the Celtic war machine.  
    584 * Cavalry: Celts were skilled in the ways of cavalry fighting, but because a horse was available only to nobles, I believe they should be at above average cost. Other than that, the stats should be pretty much normal. Their techs should be strong because of the advances in metallurgy techniques. First to shoe horses and use a bronze bit.  
    585 * Naval: Very weak in navy. They did not use ships for war, but mainly for transport. They should have two contrasting boats: one that is fast, small, and weak; and one that is large, slow, and vey stout. 
    586 * Siege: Again, very weak, just a simple battering ram 
    587 * Economy: Most all techs.  
    588 - Farming: Above average farming techs, historically because Rome traded and absorbed so much from the Celtic land regions and workers. 
    589 - Mining: Above average. Not only did they mine for metallic resources but they also mined for salt. The territories where they dwelt were very rich in natural resources. 
    590 - Lumbering: Average, although the Celts did develop the first handsaws.  
    591 - Hunting: Average. Though they viewed bows as dishonourable in combat, they did use them for hunting.  
    592 - Land Trade: Average – had to trade all those extra resources to Rome. 
    593 - Naval Trade: Below Average – not a naval civ. 
    594 * Architecture: Weak, generally simple thatched structures with flammable roofs, but build time should be adjusted according to the loss in hitpoints.  
    595 - Defences: The Gallic turf walls frustrated the Romans to no end. They were very hard to take down. They were so effective, that Rome copied the technique and used it against the Celts – Siege of Alesia. Their towers were mainly used for scouting and not defensive purposes.  
     562== TECHNOLOGIES == 
     563 
     564 * Infantry: Celts were strong in melee, and short range. They do not have long range attacking such as a bow or a sling. This is due to the fact that Celts did not view attacking from a distance as honourable. They were skilled craftsmen, the first to advance Europe to the iron age, and they should have the techs to support that. Unit training time should be above average because of the perpetual lifestyle of war. Their armour should be weak, as they did not view armour as honourable in battle. Also it slowed them down and increased the chances of infection if wounded. Their movement rate should be above average. The Celts were huge in stature compared to most civs. They should have a bonus of strength in their attack. Infantry is the focal point of the Celtic war machine.  
     565 * Cavalry: Celts were skilled in the ways of cavalry fighting, but because a horse was available only to nobles, I believe they should be at above average cost. Other than that, the stats should be pretty much normal. Their techs should be strong because of the advances in metallurgy techniques. First to shoe horses and use a bronze bit.  
     566 * Naval: Very weak in navy. They did not use ships for war, but mainly for transport. They should have two contrasting boats: one that is fast, small, and weak; and one that is large, slow, and vey stout. 
     567 * Siege: Again, very weak, just a simple battering ram 
     568 * Economy: Most all techs.  
     569   * Farming: Above average farming techs, historically because Rome traded and absorbed so much from the Celtic land regions and workers. 
     570   * Mining: Above average. Not only did they mine for metallic resources but they also mined for salt. The territories where they dwelt were very rich in natural resources. 
     571   * Lumbering: Average, although the Celts did develop the first handsaws.  
     572   * Hunting: Average. Though they viewed bows as dishonourable in combat, they did use them for hunting.  
     573   * Land Trade: Average – had to trade all those extra resources to Rome. 
     574   * Naval Trade: Below Average – not a naval civ. 
     575 * Architecture: Weak, generally simple thatched structures with flammable roofs, but build time should be adjusted according to the loss in hitpoints.  
     576  * Defences: The Gallic turf walls frustrated the Romans to no end. They were very hard to take down. They were so effective, that Rome copied the technique and used it against the Celts – Siege of Alesia. Their towers were mainly used for scouting and not defensive purposes.  
    596577 
    597578QUOTE 
     579{{{ 
    598580The Celts introduced the use of iron to northern Europe. 
    599581Celts were the first to give shape to handsaws, chisels, files, and other tools we use today. (Standard 4-foot-8 1/2-inch railroad, span of their chariots, rotary flour mill) 
    … …  
    604586They were first to shoe horses. 
    605587They also devised a cagey put-off for paying up: Since Celts saw no real break between life and death, a debt could be carried over into the other world. 
    606  
    607 SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES  
    608  
    609 BRITONS 
    610  
    611 ST1  
    612 Name: Sevili Dusios  
    613 History: The Britons took up the practice of either making permanent marks on their body in the form of tattoos or temporarily painted their bodies with woad paint. The effect was very frightening. 
    614 Effect: Increased attack and movement rate for melee soldiers. 
    615  
    616 ST2  
    617 Name: Turos Maros  
    618 History: 'Great Tower'; Celtic legends abound with stories of massive tall towers built by the most powerful kings, and we've found the remains of some very large towers. 
    619 Effect: Increases the height bonus of units garrisoned in a tower. 
    620  
    621 GAULS 
    622  
    623 ST1  
    624 Name: Vae Victos  
    625 History: Means ‘Woe to the Defeated’ – It was the words that the Gallic Leader, Brennus, spoke at the Capitol at Rome after they took their plunder. Just used Celtic spelling here. 
    626 Effect: A set amount of ore and food from every structure destroyed or captured  
    627  
    628 ST2  
    629 Name: Carnutes  
    630 History: The Carnutes were druids from Aulercia. They fought a huge amount when needed, and were actually largely responsible for turning back the Belgae incursions into Armorica and Aulercia. 
    631 Effect: Gallic druids gain a small melee attack. 
    632  
    633 ====FOOTNOTES==== 
    634  
    635 TRIBES 
     588}}} 
     589 
     590== SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES == 
     591 
     592=== BRITONS === 
     593 
     594 * ST1  
     595  * Name: Sevili Dusios  
     596  * History: The Britons took up the practice of either making permanent marks on their body in the form of tattoos or temporarily painted their bodies with woad paint. The effect was very frightening. 
     597  * Effect: Increased attack and movement rate for melee soldiers. 
     598 
     599 * ST2  
     600  * Name: Turos Maros  
     601  * History: 'Great Tower'; Celtic legends abound with stories of massive tall towers built by the most powerful kings, and the remains of some very large towers have been found . 
     602  * Effect: Increases the height bonus of units garrisoned in a tower. 
     603 
     604=== GAULS === 
     605 
     606 * ST1  
     607  * Name: Vae Victos  
     608  * History: Means ‘Woe to the Defeated’ – It was the words that the Gallic Leader, Brennus, spoke at the Capitol at Rome after they took their plunder. Just used Celtic spelling here. 
     609  * Effect: A set amount of ore and food from every structure destroyed or captured  
     610 
     611 * ST2  
     612  * Name: Carnutes  
     613  * History: The Carnutes were druids from Aulercia. They fought a huge amount when needed, and were actually largely responsible for turning back the Belgae incursions into Armorica and Aulercia. 
     614  * Effect: Gallic druids gain a small melee attack. 
     615 
     616== FOOTNOTES == 
     617 
     618=== TRIBES === 
    636619 
    637620We actually know a huge deal about many tribes, but more important are large cultures into which they fit, such as the more Iberian-than-Celtic Aquitanians, the Italic Celts, the actual Celtae of Gaul, Galatia, and central-eastern Europe, the Belgae, the Belgo-Gallic Britons, the Midland Britains, the Caledonians, etc.