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Table of Contents

  1. UNIT DESCRIPTIONS
    1. INFANTRY
    2. CAVALRY
    3. SUPPORT UNITS
    4. WAR SHIPS
    5. SIEGE
    6. SUPER UNITS
    7. HEROES
    8. NEW UNIT TRAITS
    9. CIV CENTRE UNITS
    10. FORBIDDEN CLASSES
  2. STRUCTURE DESCRIPTIONS
    1. VILLAGE
    2. TOWN
    3. CITY
    4. SPECIAL STRUCTURES
    5. NEW STRUCTURE TRAITS
    6. FORBIDDEN STRUCTURES
  3. CIV BONUSES
  4. TEAM BONUS
  5. TECHNOLOGIES
  6. SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES

IBERIAN CIVILISATION PROFILE

by Ken Wood [aka Phoenix-TheRealDeal / tonto_real] Email: ken@0ad.wildfiregames.com. (Arizona, United States of America). 

Historical consultant and contributor: Professor Alejandro Carneiro [aka Piteas] (Classical & Antiquity Greco-Romano-Iberico History Studies) (Spain). 

Contributing concept artists: Antonio J. Flamas [aka ajflamas] (Spain)
Aviv Sharon [aka Jeru] (Israel)
Marco Giannini [aka Kellian] (Italy)
Praveen Pillai [aka Tonto_CT] (United Kingdom)
Brendan W. Keough.

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS

INFANTRY

  • Name: Caetrati. <Temporary Basque name -Ezpata (sword, from spatha)>
    • Class: Swordsman.
    • Armament: Falcata.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb: Basic tunic is of cream-coloured cloth with short-sleeved shirt. Hemmed sleeves and hem at the bottom of the skirt can be used for civ colour identification bands. Two metal rings above the elbows on each arm. The breast has a scaled armour plate 'vest' strapped over the shirt part of the tunic and chain mail skirt below. Gains a bronze breastplate when upgraded to Ultimate rank.
      • Shield: Round buckler (caetra)
      • Helmet: No headgear for basic unit, crested spine for advanced, plumed horsehair for Ultimate; see concept drawing below.
      • Figure(s): -
    • History: Numantinos were citizens of the city of Numantia and members of the Celtiberi tribe living in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula; particularly famous for their resistance to Roman subjugation culminating in the Siege of Numantia which lasted 8 months. Rather than submit to the Roman victors, almost the entire nobility committed suicide instead of surrendering to be paraded in a Triumph and/or sold into slavery as the rest of the population subsequently was.
    • Garrison: 1.
    • Function: -
    • Special: Iberian Steel.
  • Name: Scutarii <Temporary Basque name - Ezkutu (scutum)>
    • Class: Spearman.
    • Armament: Spear having a broad point at the front end and smaller iron tip at the butt end.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb: Identical to Infante Numantino.
      • Shield: Identical to Infante Numantino.
      • Helmet: Identical to Infante Numantino.
      • Figure(s): -
    • History: Carpetani were a major tribe occupying lands just south of the Celtiberi on Iberia's central upland plain, much like their neighbours to the north, and long resisted incursion by both Romans and Carthaginians in their homeland.
    • Garrison: 1.
    • Function: -
    • Special: -
  • Name: Iberian Slinger. <Temporary Basque name - Habailari (slinger)>
    • Class: Slinger.
    • Armament: Three slings and sling bolt pouch; see concept drawing below.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb: Same basic tunic as Infante Numantino: Cream-coloured cloth with short-sleeved shirt. Hemmed sleeves and hem at the bottom of the skirt can be used for civ colour identification bands.
      • Shield: None.
      • Helmet: None at any experience level.
      • Figure(s): Barefoot; nothing on body to restrict movement.
    • History: The Iberian Peninsula is literally littered with stone, ceramic, and leaden sling bolts at archeological sites, so evidence suggests that slingers were a common enough unit that they are tribal generic. While it is a popular notion that Balearic Slingers, possibly the best in the ancient world, were 'Hispanic' because the islands now belong to modern day Spain, they are a Carthaginian unit relative to the times. Iberian slingers carry 3 slings like those of the Balearic.
    • Garrison: 1.
    • Function: Relatively cheap. Quick rate of fire. Fastest infantry unit. Their agility makes up to some extent for their lack of armour.
    • Special: -

CAVALRY

  • Name: Jinetes <Temporary Basque name - Zalduneria (cavalry)>
    • Class: Cavalry Spearman
    • Armament: Iberian spear.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb:
      • Shield:
      • Helmet:
      • Figure(s): -
      • Mount: Typically a fine horse of mid stature as they were raised on the Iberian Peninsula; They decorated them with spirals of woven wool multi-coloured 'rosettes' affixed to top side and front of bridle and woven-fringed neck and breast bands as marks of their special pride in the animals.
    • History: Mounted troops comprised variously 20~25% of warriors and their horses were well cared for by their owners. Horses were raised in abundant numbers in the Iberian Peninsula from the earliest of times; it was said by the Romans that either Iberia or Numidia (in North Africa) could provide on the order of 100,000 mounts per year!
    • Garrison: 2.
    • Function: -
    • Special: Iberian Steel.

SUPPORT UNITS

Note: In the Spanish language the adjective follows the noun (name) and gender is usually denoted by a final 'a' for the feminine and final 'o' for the masculine, both noun and adjective being in agreement.

  • Name: Ciudadana Iberica. (see-oo-dah-DAHN-nah ee-BAY-ree-kah) <means: Iberian female citizen>
    • Class: Female Citizen.
    • Armament: None.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb: Various; see concept drawings below.
      • Shield: None.
      • Helmet: No helmet per se. May or may not have headgear as depicted in concept drawings below.
      • Figure(s):
    • History: Until the coming of and imposition of Roman Law, females were treated as being equal to men in virtually all social aspects of their society.
    • Garrison: 1.
    • Function: -
    • Special: -
  • Name: Sacerdotisa de Ataecina. (sah-sayer-doh-TEE-sah day ah-tah-eh-SEE-nah) <means: Priestess to the goddess Ataecina>
    • Class: Healer.
    • Armament: None.
    • Appearance: See concept drawing & pic below.
      • Garb: See pic below.
      • Shield: None.
      • Helmet: See headdress in concept drawing below.
      • Figure(s): See concept drawing & pic below.
    • History: To the best of our knowledge, only one 'temple'-like structure has been found on the Iberian Peninsula dating from the times and the Iberians worshipped their pantheon of gods at small home altars; however, a very special sculptured head and torso was found in a farmer's field around the turn of the 20th century of a personage who was obviously someone of great substance. As the two principal gods, of the many worshipped, were male Endovelico and female Ataecina, we thought it would be nice to adopt The Lady of Elche as our priestess-healer representing Ataecina.
    • Garrison: 1.
    • Function: -
    • Special: "Fe" Aura.
  • Name: Comerciante Iberico. (koh-mayer-see-ANH-tay ee-BAY-ree-koh) <means: Iberian businessman>
    • Class: Trader.
    • Armament: None.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb: Colourful tunic, trousers in the checkered 'Celtic style', and boots.
      • Shield: None.
      • Helmet: Big 'floppy' hat to keep the sun and rain off.
      • Figure(s): Typical of Iberian male. Only one figure, riding on a seat at the yoke of the wagon.
      • Mount: Trade wagon pulled by two oxen of the auroch cattle type. Put together the parts as shown below.
    • History: It is not known exactly what 'vehicles' might have been used for trading, except that the Iberians did a lot of overland trading by land amongst themselves and some with people to the north of the Pyrenees, and that wagons and carts were known and used for something; it stands to reason they would have been used in commerce.
    • Garrison: 2.
    • Function: -
    • Special: -
  • Name: Barco. (BAR-koh) <means: boat or ship>
    • Class: Merchantman.
    • Armament: (Standard).
    • Appearance:
      • Shell: This is a knock-off for the ship that I want modeled for the Carthaginians to be skinned and statted somewhat differently. It will have solid sides rather than that lateral opening below the shield line. The vertical bands separating the shields are to be iron bands placed to strengthen the hull and should show bolts in the bands. See the pic immediately below for a basis.
    • History: The Iberians, especially along the western and northwestern coasts of the peninsula, had been trading by sea with peoples in North Africa, Western Europe along the coast of Gaul and the British Isles by boat well back into the 2nd millennium BC. As such, their ships were very seaworthy, crossing stretches of the Atlantic Ocean (while they are not known to have traded by sea in the Mediterranean). Though the Carthaginians came along around the beginning of the 1st millennium and co-opted much of that trade, along with the Greeks in the Mediterranean, with 'better ships', they still would have influenced the seafaring peoples who built the 'high sided sailing vessels' along the Atlantic Seaboard. So it is not such a stretch to specify a good strong sailing ship for Iberians that can be used as either a merchant trading vessel or a quasi-war fighting transport of units.
    • Garrison: Cannot.
    • Function: High hitpoints (very strong and highly armoured hull; sea ram resistant).
    • Special: -

WAR SHIPS

None.

SIEGE

  • Name: Ariete. (ah-ree-EH-tay) (upgrade to: Ariete de Asedio). (ah-ree-EH-tay day ah-SAY-dee-oh) <means: battle ram and siege ram, respectively>
    • Class: Ram.
    • Armament: (Standard).
    • Appearance:
      • Shell: See notes below.
    • History: It is not known if any of the Iberians culture tribes used rams; the unit is added to the civ roster for gameplay purposes.
    • Garrison: 3.
    • Function: -
    • Special: -

SUPER UNITS

  • Name: Infante Devotio. <Temporary Basque name - Leial Infanteria (Loyal Infantry)>
    • Class: Super Infantry Unit.
    • Melee Armament: Falcata or Espasa sword.
    • Ranged Armament: Saunion
    • Appearance: 
      • Garb: -
      • Shield: A round 'Caetra' slightly larger in diameter than the Citizen Soldier units carry; has raised centre boss depicting the head of a wolf.
      • Helmet: See concept drawing.
      • Figure(s): See concept drawing.
    • History: 'Devotios' (the devoted) were experienced veterans of 'foreign wars'. They served as mercenaries for other nations and having lived to return to their own where they assumed a position close to the chief or king. Their relationship was similar to that of feudal knights during the later Middle Ages.
    • Garrison: 1.
    • Function: Strong against siege weapons, all Citizen Soldier units but additionally bonused against Infantry Spearman & Cavalry Spearman. Weak against Infantry Archer & Cavalry Archer.
    • Special: -
  • Name: Jinetes Devotio. <Temporary Basque name - Zalduneria (Loyal Cavalry)>
    • Class: Super Cavalry Unit.
    • Melee Armament: Iberian Spear..
    • Ranged Armament: Iberian Spear
    • Appearance:
      • Garb:
      • Shield: A round 'Caetra' slightly larger in diameter than the Citizen Soldier units carry; has raised centre boss depicting the head of a bull.
      • Helmet: See concept drawing.
      • Figure(s): See concept drawing.
      • Mount: Identical to Caballero Ilerjete.
    • History: (Identical to Devotio Infante.)
    • Garrison: 2.
      • Function: Strong against siege weapons, all Citizen Soldier units but additionally bonused against Cavalry Archer & Infantry Slinger. Weak against Infantry Spearman & Infantry Javelinist.
    •  Special: -

HEROES

  • Name: Viriato. (bee-ree-AH-toh)
    • Class: Hero1.
    • Armament: Falcata sword.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb: Typical Iberians tunic. Fine mesh chain mail over clothing, belted. Animal pelt cape.
      • Shield: A round 'Caetra' slightly larger in diameter than the Citizen Soldier units carry; has raised centre boss depicting the head of a lion.
      • Helmet: Is sort of beehive shaped; has a horsehair plume that descends down from the back of the top of the beehive..
      • Figure(s): See centre figure in two figures immediately below.
    • History: Viriato, like Vercingentorix amongst the Gauls, was the most famous of the Iberian tribal war leaders, having conducted at least 7 campaigns against the Romans in the southern half of the peninsula during the 'Lusitani Wars' from 147 to 139 BCE. He surfaced as a survivor of the treacherous massacre of 9,000 men and the selling into slavery of 21,000 elderly, women, and children of the Lusitani. They had signed a treaty of peace with the Romans, conducted by Servius Sulpicius Galba, governor of Hispania Ulterior, as the 'final solution' to the Lusitani problem. He emerged from humble beginnings in 151 BCE to become war chief of the Lusitani. He was intelligent and a superior tactician, never really defeated in any encounter (though suffered losses in some requiring retreat). He succumbed instead to another treachery arranged by a later Roman commander, Q. Servilius Cepio, to have him assassinated by three comrades that were close to him.
    • Garrison: 1.
    • Function: Strong AT, high AR, high HP.
    • Special: "Hero" Aura: "Tactica Guerilla".
  • Name: Caros. (KAH-rohss)
    • Class: Hero2.
    • Armament: Falcata sword.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb: See pic below for basis, except that will wear boots instead of sandals.
      • Shield: Bronzed iron Caetra wound shield with animal head motif on the boss.
      • Helmet: Smooth rounded bronze as shown.
      • Figure(s):
      • Mount: The typical Iberian horse with armour but also having in addition to the multi-coloured woolen floral looking rosettes on the bridle more decorative trappings across the breast and in the bridle of the horse, a bell hanging at the throat.
    • History: Caros was a chief of the Belli tribe located just east of the Celtiberi (Numantines at the centre). Leading the confederated tribes of the meseta central (central upland plain) he concealed 20,000 foot and 5,000 mounted troops along a densely wooded track. Q. Fulvius Nobilior neglected proper reconnaissance and lead his army into the trap strung out in a long column. Some 10,000 of 15,000 Roman legionaries fell in the massive ambush that was sprung upon them. The date was 23 August of 153 BCE, the day when Rome celebrated the feast of Vulcan. By later Senatorial Decree it was ever thereafter known as dies ater, a 'sinister day', from whence our word disaster comes, and Rome never again fought a battle on the 23rd of August. Caros was wounded in an after battle small cavalry action the same evening and soon died thereafter, but he had carried off one of the most humiliating defeats that Rome ever suffered.
    • Garrison: 2.
    • Function: A strong high AT, high AR, high HP, cavalry unit having a special aura.
    • Special: "Hero" Aura: "Tactica Guerilla".
  • Name: Indibil. (EEN-dee-beel)
    • Class: Hero3.
    • Armament: Falcata sword and Spear.
    • Appearance:
      • Garb: The only picture of a statue rendition we have shows him hardly dressed (1st reference below), but we will show him much like the Edetano soldier in the second reference drawing below.
      • Shield: See 2nd reference pic below.
      • Helmet: See 2nd reference pic below..
      • Figure(s): See 2nd reference pic below.
      • Mount: See 2nd reference pic below.
    • History: Indibil was king of the Ilegetes, a large federation ranged principally along the Ebro River in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. During the Barcid expansion, from 212 BCE he had initially been talked into allying himself with the Carthaginians who hade taken control of a lot of territory to the south and west, however after loss and his capture in a major battle he was convinced, some say tricked, to switch to the Roman side by Scipio Africanus. But that alliance didn't last long, as Roman promises were hollow and the Romans acted more like conquerors than allies. So, while the Romans and their allies had ended Carthaginian presence in 'Hispania' in 206 BCE, Indibil and another tribal prince by the name of Mandonio, who may have been his brother, rose up in repbellion against the Romans. They were defeated in battle, but rose up in a 2nd even larger rebellion that had unified all the Ilergetes again in 205 BCE. Outnumbered and outarmed they were again defeated, Indibil losing his life in the final battle and Mandonio being captured then later put to death. From that date onward the Ilergetes remained a pacified tribe under Roman rule.
    • Garrison: 2.
    • Function: High AT, high AR, high HP.
    • Special: "Hero" Aura: "Tactica Guerrilla".

NEW UNIT TRAITS

  • "Fe" Aura: <FEY; means "faith"> Effect: Replaces "Heal" Aura. Health regeneration rate is twice that of the normal Aura; simulates the Iberians' penchant for dying or committing suicide rather than surrender.
  • Flaming Javelin: Effect: Once the player researches the 'Falarica del Fuego' Special Technology, the unit gains the ability to set fire to enemy units and structures as well as effect pierce damage when striking targets.
  • Iberian Steel: Iberian steel in swords was the best in the world at the time, so this unit has a relatively higher attack factor than any other civ's swordsmen. Effect: +1 AT.
  • "Hero" Aura: "Tactica Guerrilla": <(TAHK-tee-kah gay-REE-yah); means: guerrilla tactics> The Iberians were singularly well known for their use of guerrilla war fighting tactics and the concept of fighitng come from them; the word 'guerrilla' comes from come from medieval Spanish. Time and time again they sucked their enemies into ambuscades. Effect: The Hero and any units grouped with him are invisible to enemies when idle or moving. They will only become visible when performing an action, such as attacking an opponent. Furthermore, invisible units (like units concealed in forests) aren't considered when determining if a player has been wiped off the map.

CIV CENTRE UNITS

  • Melee Infantry: Infante Numantino (Infantry Swordsman).
  • Ranged Infantry: Infante Hondero (Infantry Slinger).
  • Cavalry: Caballero Turdetano (Cavalry Javelinist).

FORBIDDEN CLASSES

  • Infantry Archer. (while bow and arrows were used for hunting they were not used for warfare)
  • Cavalry Spearman. (could have, but removed to 'cripple' the civ slightly as it is otherwise strong in units except for archers)
  • Cavalry Archer. (see remark for Infantry Archer)
  • Bireme. (no warship naval capability)
  • Trireme. (no warship naval capability)
  • Quinquereme. (no warship naval capability)
  • Onager. (no sophisticated siege weaponry)
  • Ballista. (no sophisticated siege weaponry)

STRUCTURE DESCRIPTIONS

VILLAGE

  • Name: Oppidum. (oh-PEE-doom)
    • Class: Civ Centre.
    • History: The Oppidum, plural Oppida (oh-PEE-dah), has a long history in the Iberian Peninsula. They were walled towns, dating back to even before the time period of the game and expanding greatly during it. They were usually built upon heights for better defensive purposes but sometimes right out on the plains, especially in the east where there may not have been heights at desirable locations near meandering rivers. This concept drawing is derived from an actual archeological site that has been excavated in the northeast of Spain having belonged to the Ilergete (ee-layer-HAY-tay) tribe as shown in the figure below and from the virtual reconstruction of the site at the museum located adjacent to it.
  • Name: Casa. (KAH-sah) <means: house>
    • Class: House.
    • History: Iberians structures of the time were typically built either entirely of stone or, as indicated in the image, with stone stub walls with 'adobe' raising them on up to the roof lines above them. Roofs were then, depending on the economic status of individuals, covered with a composite of mud and binding vegetable and waterproofing asphaltic materials, or slate stone, or in many cases in the region, with so-called Spanish roofing tiles. It would be nice to have some housing for Iberians also done along those lines, if possible, then house 'types' just randomly selected during the progression of a game session. Note in the bottom-most example that the house on the right has a roof line fall that is incompatible with good architectural practice and would not have been so constructed by the practical homeowner even back then. Its orientation is such that any rainfall would run right over 'his' front door ... so one needs to be redone in such a manner that the roof incline directs water away from the front of the house. Also, in the concept drawing for the Oppida, it shows the Iberians houses being endowed with tiled roofs that is the convention that we've adopted as being typical to most of Iberia and for most of the structures of the civ. Also, that the adobe walls would have been plastered and 'whitewashed' for all but the most humble or neglected of abode, so it is the opinion of the author that if these models are to be used in the game that they need to be redone accordingly.
  • Name: Hacienda. (ah-see-AYN-dah) <means: place of habitation, in this case rural>
    • Class: Farm Centre.
    • History: The Hacienda is adopted as being a farm centre that would typically house more than a single family, or an extended family, involved in all manner of agricultural pursuit required of the times.
  • Name: Huerta. (oo-WEAR-tah) <means: farm field or orchard>
    • Class: Field.
    • History: 'Huerta' is a term that can mean either farm field or orchard. In historical terms, the Iberians tended to growing grains and vegetables, including a variety of roots, greens and artichokes (large blue thistle-like flower-heads), grape vines, and fruit trees ranging from the olive and fig to the apple. The Iberian Peninsula was an agricultural surplus area.
  • Name: Corral. (kohr-AL) <means: a fenced-in enclosure for livestock, usually the larger kinds>
    • Class: Corral.
    • History: Corrals have been utilised by people husbanding animals since 'time immemorial'; the Iberians mostly built stone-walled corrals so that is how they need to be depicted in the game. The Iberians kept cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and horses in their corrals.
  • Name: Centro de Recursos. (SAYN-troh day ray-COOR-sohss) <means: resource centre>
    • Class: Resource Centre.
    • History: There was no such thing as an Iberians resource centre during the time frame although there may have been camps. However as a game construct we show one to serve purpose of supporting lumbering and mining operations.
  • Name: Torre Iberica. (TOR-rayh ee-BAYER-ee-kah) <means: Iberians Tower>
    • Class: Scout Tower.
    • History: The Torre Iberica is rather unique for its time and the bases for its construction have been derived of extensive archeological and paleontological investigations by university faculty members in Spain at sites of which one of the principal is that located near the village of Aldea de Centenario at some distance south-southeast of Madrid. These towers were quite large, high and stonework monolithic as shown; being cylindrical lent them added strength. They were initially built at mountain passes to control access through them or on high places to provide overview and defense of surrounding terrain. They may have also been used as 'toll stations' along trading routes. Sometimes they were even built 'right out in the middle of nowhere' on the flatlands, but always with the idea of defensively controlling terrain. In time, many of these towers became a central feature in such as Oppidum or Castros that grew up around them because of their ideally situated locations, or they were made integral with the walls of growing town sites.. Whether located in an isolated spot or integrated into a populated place, they were ideally suited to their purpose during the timeframe of the game.
    • Special: Mini-Fort Strongpoint.
  • Name: Muro Ancho. (MOOR-doh ANHN-choh) <means: wide wall>
    • Class: Wall.
    • History: High and strongly built defensive stone walls were a common structure of the Iberian Peninsula during the period, and for long thereafter.
  • Name: Torre Iberica.
    • Class: Wall Tower.
    • (Attributes identical to Scout Tower; re-used again for this purpose.)
  • Name: Puerta Mortal (poo-EHR-tah more-TALH) <means: Gate of Death>
    • Class: Wall Gate.
    • History: One of the central attributes of the Iberians civ is that it was a highly defensive one that constantly gave the Carthaginians trouble in their bid to conquer the peninsula (which they never really did) and took the Romans another 200 years to subdue, along with incredibly large cumulative loss of Roman soldier's lives. The title is an "assumed name", for want of a better name than just super fortified gateway. However, this doubled gate has been found incorporated into walls surrounding Iberian villages, Oppidum, and fortresses, Castros. It presents rather formidable aspects with its 4 towers, 2 gates, and a courtyard-like interior wherein enemy forces could become entrapped between the two gates, combined with a monolithically strong stone structure. The concept comes from archeologist and paleontologist descriptions of the remains of such gates at various locations scattered about the Iberian Peninsula, though the interpretation from such documents is the author's, reinforced by the knowledge of 0 A.D. team's historian, Professor Alejandro Carneiro of La Coruna, Spain.
    • Special:
      • Garrison: 20 ranged troops.
      • Elevation Bonus.

TOWN

  • Name: Puerto. (POOER-toh) <means: port>
    • Class: Port Centre.
    • History: No one really knows how ancient 1st millennium Iberian Peninsular docks or ports looked, though they were probably pretty simple affairs having but a short pier, if even that. However, for the purposes of creating a structure in the game and because the Phoenicians @#$% Carthaginians had such broad influence on the peninsula for a half millennium before the timeframe of the game, we have chosen to model something similar to the inner port centre at Carthage, with typical Iberians architectural applications applied to it. The largest port that was strictly Iberian, though said to have been founded by the Greeks (defaulting to the resident Iberians when Greek merchants were blocked by Carthage from further trading into the western Mediterranean), was probably only that of Saguntum (and possibly Emporion) on the eastern coast of Spain referred to as the Spanish Levant.
  • Name: Templo. (TAYM-ploh) <means: temple>
    • Class: Health Centre.
    • History: The Iberian tribes did not typically worship their gods at temples, but there has been a single instance in which the remains of an ancient Tartessian temple has been unearthed in Andalusia in southern Spain, ruins as shown below the concept drawing, and a virtual model made of it which resides in the museum co-located with the site that is shown last below the concept drawing which is the inspiration for it. The Iberians for the most part worshipped their gods at small household votive altars in their homes or sometimes at smallish monuments to them in the outdoors. Their two principal gods (though they are also known to have had many others) were Endovelico, as the male represented by a boar, and Ataecina, the female counterpart as represented by a goat. We have chosen to depict these two gods by statuary in the typical vein of the times, mounted atop the pillars at the entrance to the temple in the concept drawing, Ataecina on the right and Endovelico on the left. Construction materials applied to the structure sketch are chosen to more accurately reflect the building practices prevalent at the time period of 0 A.D., including the tiling of the roofs. If the virtual representation of the Tartessian temple accurately reflects building practices on the Iberian Peninsula as far back as around 900 B.C. to which it is dated, then the Iberians in some places developed pretty sophisticated civilisation and advanced architectural techniques that were contemporary to any other Mediterranean area civ of the time, though most of their cities may not have been as large.
  • Name: Cuartel. (kooar-TAYL) <means: military cantonment area>
    • Class: Military Centre.
    • History: To the best of our knowledge, the Iberians did not have standing armies in the sense that we know of them elsewhere or of today, it is doubtful that they had specific structures designated as military centres; however as a game construct we show a modest structure wherein military related activities take place.
  • Name: Mercado. (mayrh-KAH-doh) <means: marketplace>
    • Class: Trade Centre.
    • History: The trade centres or marketplaces of the Iberians may have in fact been no more than folks gathering about in a plaza during certain days of the week or month in order to exchange goods. As a game construct we show a modest building where trading and purchasing goods for sale may take place.

CITY

  • Name: Castro. (KAHSS-troh)
    • Class: Fortress.
    • History: The Castro can be likened to a more strongly fortified town centre than that of the common Oppidum which were also fortified places of habitation. As such it was widely and normally constructed upon a height, and almost always had some sort of an acropolis built at the highest point within its towered walls. In the archeological record of the Iberian Peninsula, the remnants of as many as a thousand fortified places identifiable as Castros can be found in modern day Portugal alone.
    • Special: Rocky Height.

SPECIAL STRUCTURES

  • Name: Monumento Venerado (literally: Revered Monument).
    • Class: SB1.
    • History: The Iberians were a religious people who built small monuments to their various gods. These monuments could also serve as family tombs.
    • Requirements: Must be built in one of the player's Provinces.
    • Phase: City.
    • Special: Defensive Aura - Gives all Iberian units within LOS of the monument a 10-15% attack boost. Build Limit - Only one may be built per map.

NEW STRUCTURE TRAITS

  • Mini-Fort Strongpoint: Effects: Can garrison up to 10 units, either infantry or cavalry. Larger than other towers, both at base and in height. Has double the hitpoints of other towers. Elevation bonus.
  • Rocky Height: Perched upon a rocky height, with a 20% increase in elevation. Effects: Larger footprint than normal Fortress. Additional +1 RA bonus.

FORBIDDEN STRUCTURES

(none)

CIV BONUSES

  • CB1
    • Name: El Pedregal. (ayel pay-dray-GAHL) <means: the rocky place>
    • History: With exception to alluvial plains and river valleys, stone is abundant in the Iberian Peninsula and was greatly used in construction of structures of all types.
    • Effect: Stone CO -33% any structure or Tech requiring the resource.
  • CB2
    • Name: Manada de Caballos. (mah-NAH-dah day kah-BUY-yos) <means: horse herd>
    • History: Not unlike Numidia in North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula was known as 'horse country', capable of producing up to 100,000 new mounts each year.
    • Effect: Horses can be captured in the wild and placed in the Corral. Unlike normal corralled animals that generate food, the corralled Horse functions similarly to a relic as in AoK.. As long as it/they remain(s) in the Corral, the resource cost of training horse-mounted units (cavalry) is reduced by a fixed amount of -5% per animal corralled.

TEAM BONUS

  • TB1
    • Name: Mercenario. (mayr-sayn-AHR-ee-oh) <means: mercenary>
    • History: The Iberians were long known to provide mercenary soldiers to other nations to serve as auxiliaries to their armies in foreign wars.
    • Effect: Infantry and Cavalry Citizen Soldier Javelinists civ CO -50% (that is of whatever the cost of a javelinist is to a given civ; does not apply to Super Units also armed with the javelin).

TECHNOLOGIES

  • Infantry: Above average, most standard except no archer peculiar; strong swordsmen and javelinists.
  • Cavalry: Above average, most standard except no archer peculiar; strong swordsmen and javelinists.
  • Naval: No warship specific techs as has no warships, Merchantman, seamanship & garrisoning upgrades only.
  • Siege: Below average engines, mediocre for land ram & siege ram upgrade, no other engines; Citizen Soldier Javelinists have a sieging capability by S T Falarica del Fuego.
  • Economy: (above average)
    • Farming: Strong, all standard to include animal husbandry.
    • Mining: Strong, all standard plus bonused for stone (CB) and ore (metal) (ST).
    • Lumbering: Below average, nothing special.
    • Hunting: Average.
    • Land Trade: Average, most applicable domestic or international.
    • Naval Trade: Average (except that Merchantman ship is ‘toughest’ in game).
  • Architecture: (very strong)
    • Defenses: Very strong, all, bonused by SBs.

SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES

  • ST1
    • Name: Falarica del Fuego. (fahl-AHR-ee-kah dayel foo-EH-goh) <means: flaming javelin>
    • History: Iberian tribesmen were noted for wrapping bundles of grass about the shafts of their throwing spears, soaking that in some sort of flammable pitch, then setting it afire just before throwing.
    • Effect: Unlocks the flaming component attributed to Citizen Soldier Infantry and Cavalry Javelinists (Infante Lusitano, Caballero Turdetano), and Super Units (Devotio Infante and Devotio Caballero); causes targets struck to become inflamed and lose hitpoints at a constant rate until and if either healed or repaired, as appropriate.
  • ST2
    • Name: Maestros Herreros. (mah-AYST-rohss air-RAY-rohss) <means: master iron workers>
    • History: The Iberians were known to produce the finest iron and steel implements and weapons of the age.
    • Effect: CO -50% any Ore.
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